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2024 taxonomy update for the family Circoviridae.
Arch Virol
August 2024
Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Archaeal Virology Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
Circovirids have a circular single-stranded DNA genome packed into a small icosahedral capsid. They are classified within two genera, Circovirus and Cyclovirus, in the family Circoviridae (phylum Cressdnaviricota, class Arfiviricetes, order Cirlivirales). Over the last five years, a number of new circovirids have been identified, and, as a result, 54 new species have been created for their classification based on the previously established species demarcation criterion, namely, that viruses classified into different species share less than 80% genome-wide pairwise sequence identity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFlexible information-seeking in chimpanzees.
Cognition
October 2024
Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary / Chimpanzee Trust, Entebbe, Uganda.
Humans can flexibly use metacognition to monitor their own knowledge and strategically acquire new information when needed. While humans can deploy these skills across a variety of contexts, most evidence for metacognition in animals has focused on simple situations, such as seeking out information about the location of food. Here, we examine the flexibility, breadth, and limits of this skill in chimpanzees.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhat Is a Society? Building an Interdisciplinary Perspective and Why That's Important.
Behav Brain Sci
February 2024
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, NHB CE516 MRC188, 1000 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington DC 20560-0003
I submit the need to establish a comparative study of societies, namely groups beyond a simple, immediate family that have the potential to endure for generations, whose constituent individuals recognize one another as members, and that maintain control over access to a physical space. This definition, with refinements and ramifications I explore, serves for cross-disciplinary research since it applies not just to nations but to diverse hunter-gatherer and tribal groups with a pedigree that likely traces back to the societies of our common ancestor with the chimpanzees. It also applies to groups among other species for which comparison to humans can be instructive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative landscape of genetic dependencies in human and chimpanzee stem cells.
Cell
July 2023
Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Comparative studies of great apes provide a window into our evolutionary past, but the extent and identity of cellular differences that emerged during hominin evolution remain largely unexplored. We established a comparative loss-of-function approach to evaluate whether human cells exhibit distinct genetic dependencies. By performing genome-wide CRISPR interference screens in human and chimpanzee pluripotent stem cells, we identified 75 genes with species-specific effects on cellular proliferation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRetrospective Screening of Anthrax-like Disease Induced by str. JMT from Chinese Soft-Shell Turtles in Taiwan.
Pathogens
May 2023
Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
is ubiquitous in the environment and a well-known causative agent of foodborne disease. Surprisingly, more and more emerging strains of atypical have been identified and related to severe disease in humans and mammals such as chimpanzees, apes, and bovine. Recently, the atypical isolates, which mainly derive from North America and Africa, have drawn great attention due to the potential risk of zoonosis.
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