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CNS Drugs
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Jefferson Surgical Center Endoscopy, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Health, 111 S 11th Street, #7132, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptors are constituents of many inhibitory synapses within the central nervous system. They are formed by 5 subunits out of 19 various subunits: α1-6, β1-3, γ1-3, δ, ε, θ, π, and ρ1-3. Two main subtypes of GABA receptors have been identified, namely GABAA and GABAB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Anaesthesiol Scand
November 2024
Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Background: Many prehospital emergency patients receive suboptimal treatment for their moderate to severe pain. Various factors may contribute. We aim to systematically review literature pertaining to prehospital emergency adult patients with acute pain and the pain-reducing effects, adverse events (AEs), and safety issues associated with inhaled analgetic agents compared with other prehospital analgesic agents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
November 2024
Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Objective: Penthrox® (methoxyflurane) is a convenient, portable, self-administered disposable single-use handheld inhaler licenced as an emergency, rapid-onset, short-acting, analgesic in adult trauma patients. Outpatient hysteroscopy is one of the commonest procedures in contemporary gynecology but it can be associated with significant pain leading to poor patient experience and failed procedures. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of Penthrox® in women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopic procedures and its potential efficacy to reduce pain and improve patient experience.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReg Anesth Pain Med
August 2024
Department of Anesthesiology, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Background: Up to 30% of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) have evidence of sensitization, with a similar proportion experiencing severe pain during procedures. Most patients with KOA are elderly and often develop side effects from intravenous sedation. Our study investigated the effectiveness of a methoxyflurane inhaler combined with local anesthesia in reducing procedural pain from genicular nerve block compared with local anesthesia alone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr Dent J
May 2024
Associate Specialist in Dental Sedation, Sedation Department, Newcastle Dental Hospital, United Kingdom.
Nitrous oxide is a widely used and well-established form of inhalation sedation in dentistry. Its properties have a wide margin of safety and allow for anxious, paediatric and adult patients to receive dental treatment with minimal impact upon discharge. Nitrous oxide has drawbacks, however, including its environmental impact and need for specialist equipment.
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