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The Rise of Fentanyl: Molecular Aspects and Forensic Investigations.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Legal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid widely used for its potent analgesic effects in chronic pain management and intraoperative anesthesia. However, its high potency, low cost, and accessibility have also made it a significant drug of abuse, contributing to the global opioid epidemic. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of fentanyl's medical applications, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and pharmacogenetics while examining its adverse effects and forensic implications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhytoceutical isoquercitrin and ethanolic extracts from pequi (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm) reverse alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).
Behav Brain Res
January 2025
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde (PPGNS), Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60.741-000, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais e Biotecnologia (LBPNB), Campus CECITEC, Tauá, Ceará, CEP 60.660-000, Brazil. Electronic address:
Pharmacotherapy in Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS), which is a mental disorder, generally involves benzodiazepines due to their action via GABA, but their side effects, such as excessive sedation, mental confusion and risk of dependence, are considerable. It is important to investigate the anxiolytic potential of plants such as Caryocar coriaceum, due to the presence of secondary metabolic compounds, such as isoquercitrin, capable of promoting the reduction of anxiety during AWS. We evaluated the anxiolytic-like potential of ethanolic extracts from the leaves (EEPL) and pulp (EEPP) of C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBuckwheat-Associated Acute Psychosis: A Case of Anticholinergic Syndrome.
Cureus
November 2024
Medicine, Hospital Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, PRT.
Buckwheat () is a seed increasingly used as a gluten-free alternative, particularly by individuals with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. While rich in vitamins and minerals, it may also contain toxic secondary metabolites. The authors present a case of a 49-year-old female patient, admitted to the emergency department with a four-hour history of psychomotor agitation, confusion, and mydriasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAge differences in organophosphorus nerve agent-induced seizure, blood brain barrier integrity, and neurodegeneration in midazolam-treated rats.
Exp Neurol
December 2024
Neuroscience Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States of America. Electronic address:
Exposure to organophosphorus nerve agents irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase and may lead to cholinergic crisis and seizures. Although benzodiazepines are the standard of care after nerve agent-induced status epilepticus, when treatment is delayed for up to 30 min or more, refractory status epilepticus can develop. Adult male rodents are often utilized for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy against nerve agent exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF'It just doesn't stop': Perspectives of women who use drugs on increased overdoses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Drug Alcohol Rev
December 2024
British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Introduction: In Canada, the COVID-19 pandemic collided with an ongoing overdose crisis driven by a toxic unregulated drug supply. Public health guidance intended to limit transmission of COVID-19 (e.g.
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