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Empowerment through knowledge: Qualitative perceptions of 'undetectable equals Untransmittable' among people living with HIV and tuberculosis in South Africa.
Int J Nurs Stud
January 2025
Johns Hopkins University Center for Infectious Disease and Nursing Innovation, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Introduction: Undetectable equals untransmittable (U=U) is an education campaign promoting science that people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who maintain an undetectable viral load cannot transmit HIV to others. Researchers theorize that undetectable equals untransmittable messaging will decrease HIV stigma by reducing fears of HIV transmission and providing evidence to dismantle discriminatory policies. However, little is known about how people with HIV in South Africa interpret the results of their viral load tests, undetectable equals untransmittable messaging, or its impact on stigma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of air pollution on the progress-free survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy: A cohort study.
Environ Pollut
January 2025
Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China. Electronic address:
Air pollution is a well-established risk factor for lung cancer, but limited evidence exists on its impact on the treatment of lung cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of key pollutants on the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, thereby providing clinicians with evidence to potentially enhance the efficacy of PD-1 therapy and inform policy decisions for cancer care. To this end, we conducted a study involving 361 NSCLC patients who received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor immunotherapy, examining the correlation between air pollution exposure and progression-free survival (PFS) following immunotherapy treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPopulation pharmacokinetics of bedaquiline: a systematic review.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
Background And Objectives: Bedaquiline (BDQ) plays a critical role in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, the large pharmacokinetic (PK) variability of BDQ presents a significant challenge in its clinical use. This study aimed to summarize the population PK characteristics of BDQ and to identify significant covariates affecting the PK variation of BDQ.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular basis of JAK kinase regulation guiding therapeutic approaches: Evaluating the JAK3 pseudokinase domain as a drug target.
Adv Biol Regul
December 2024
Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpönkatu 34, 33014, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Finland; Department of Microbiology, Fimlab Laboratories, P.O.Box 66, 33013, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address:
Janus kinases (JAK1-3, TYK2) are critical mediators of cytokine signaling and their role in hematological and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has sparked widespread interest in their therapeutic targeting. JAKs have unique tandem kinase structure consisting of an active tyrosine kinase domain adjacent to a pseudokinase domain that is a hotspot for pathogenic mutations. The development of JAK inhibitors has focused on the active kinase domain and the developed drugs have demonstrated good clinical efficacy but due to off-target inhibition cause also side-effects and carry a black box warning limiting their use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLatent tuberculosis prevalence in healthcare workers in Laos: a cross-sectional study.
Trop Med Health
January 2025
LaoLuxLab/Vaccine Preventable Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos.
Background: Individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) have a high risk of active infection, morbidity and mortality. Healthcare workers are a group who have increased risk of infection and onward transmission to their patients and other susceptible individuals; however, LTBI is often undiagnosed, and individuals are asymptomatic. Interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) can detect evidence of TB infection in otherwise asymptomatic individuals and are a good indication of LTBI.
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