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Assessment of human emotional reactions to visual stimuli "deep-dreamed" by artificial neural networks.
Front Psychol
December 2024
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.
Introduction: While the fact that visual stimuli synthesized by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) may evoke emotional reactions is documented, the precise mechanisms that connect the strength and type of such reactions with the ways of how ANNs are used to synthesize visual stimuli are yet to be discovered. Understanding these mechanisms allows for designing methods that synthesize images attenuating or enhancing selected emotional states, which may provide unobtrusive and widely-applicable treatment of mental dysfunctions and disorders.
Methods: The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), a type of ANN used in computer vision tasks which models the ways humans solve visual tasks, was applied to synthesize ("dream" or "hallucinate") images with no semantic content to maximize activations of neurons in precisely-selected layers in the CNN.
Pharmacovigilance systems for safety monitoring of herbal medicines: assessment of the national regulatory authority, manufacturers and marketing authorisation holders in Tanzania.
J Pharm Policy Pract
December 2024
School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Background: The increase in the consumption of herbal medicines and their documented adverse reactions (ARs) necessitate countries to have good pharmacovigilance (PV) systems at all levels. PV systems should be frequently assessed in a systematic manner with available harmonised tools to monitor the implementation of efforts, strengthen the systems and identify areas for improvement.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the performance of pharmacovigilance and its quality systems for monitoring herbal medicine safety at the National PV Centre at the Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA), manufacturers and herbal medicine marketing authorisation holders (MAHs) to identify gaps, challenges and opportunities for improvement.
Lineage-specific patterns in the Moraceae family allow identification of convergent P450 enzymes involved in furanocoumarin biosynthesis.
New Phytol
January 2025
Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LAE, 54000, Nancy, France.
Specialized metabolites are molecules involved in plants' interaction with their environment. Elucidating their biosynthetic pathways is a challenging but rewarding task, leading to societal applications and ecological insights. Furanocoumarins emerged multiple times in Angiosperms, raising the question of how different enzymes evolved into catalyzing identical reactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy of the Drug Resistance Function of Ivermectin-Resistance-Related miRNAs in Haemonchus contortus.
Acta Parasitol
January 2025
Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia Hohhot, Hohhot, China.
Haemonchus contortus has caused significant economic losses in many regions. The emergence of drug resistance has created new difficulties for the prevention and control of parasitic diseases in cattle and sheep. The mechanism of drug resistance to ivermectin in H.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectrochemo-Mechanical Degradation and Failure of Active Particles in High Energy Density Batteries: A Review.
Small
January 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
Failure of the active particles is inherently electrochemo-mechanics dominated. This review comprehensively examines the electrochemo-mechanical degradation and failure mechanisms of active particles in high-energy density lithium-ion batteries. The study delves into the growth of passivating layers, such as the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and their impact on battery performance.
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