The midbrain was isolated by two brainstem transections, pretrigeminal and premesencephalic. In the isolated midbrain, particularly within the reticular formation, EEG activity was greatly depressed. On the other hand, single-unit spike activity remained at a high level. The spatial density of active reticular units and the rate of their spontaneous activity were at least not smaller than those in the midbrain of the cat with only a pretrigeminal transection. Thus the flat EEG record is not necessarily a sign of the absence of neural activity.
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Cureus
December 2024
Neonatology, Souss Massa University Hospital Center, Agadir, MAR.
Hydranencephaly (HE) is a severe and isolated malformation affecting the cerebral mantle. In this condition, the cerebral hemispheres are entirely or almost entirely absent, replaced by a membranous sac filled with cerebrospinal fluid, while the midbrain is usually preserved. Although HE is a relatively rare brain disorder, the differential diagnosis must include conditions such as severe hydrocephalus, porencephalic cysts, and alobar holoprosencephaly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRinsho Shinkeigaku
December 2024
Department of Neurology and Stroke Treatment, Kyoto First Red Cross Hospital.
A 49-year-old female was admitted to our hospital due to acute-onset dysarthria and unstable gait. Brain MR diffusion weighted imaging revealed high signal intensities in the midbrain. Brain tumors, abscess and demyelinating lesions was suspected firstly as etiology of the lesion and antibiotics and antiviral drug were started under consulting with the neurosurgeon about brain biopsy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Neurobiol
December 2024
Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Peptides
December 2024
Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary.
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stimulates the noradrenergic neurotransmission, both processes being implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression, but the intimate site and mechanism of interaction of CRF and CRF-related peptides, named urocortins (UCN1, UCN2, UCN3), with noradrenaline (NA) was not fully elucidated yet. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the actions of CRF and urocortins on the NA released from the rat locus coeruleus (LC), the primary source of NA in the brain, and the participation of CRF receptors (CRF1 and CRF2) in these actions. In order to do so, male Wistar rats were used, their LC were isolated and dissected, and the LC slices were incubated with tritium-labelled NA, superfused and stimulated electrically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld Neurosurg
December 2024
Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France. Electronic address:
Cavernous malformations are low-flow fragile vascular lesions prone to extralesional bleeding that can occur in the cerebral hemispheres, the brainstem, or the spinal cord. This paper reports the case of a 32-year-old right-handed man with acute-onset headaches associated with right-sided tinnitus, right-sided hemianesthesia, and binocular diplopia related to cranial nerve IV palsy. Neuroimaging displayed left-sided isolated cavernous malformation of the inferior tectal plate, with evidence of extralesional bleeding.
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