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Neurobiology, Molecular Pathways, and Environmental Influences in Antisocial Traits and Personality Disorders.
Neuropharmacology
January 2025
School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Central Lancashire, Preston UK. Electronic address:
Personality disorders (PDs) are psychiatric conditions characterized by enduring patterns of cognition, emotion, and behaviour that deviate significantly from cultural norms, causing distress or impairment. The aetiology of PDs is complex, involving both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic studies estimate the heritability of PDs at 30% to 60%, implicating genes involved in neurotransmitter regulation, such as those for serotonin transporters and dopamine receptors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntranasal oxytocin for apathy in people with frontotemporal dementia (FOXY): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, adaptive, crossover, phase 2a/2b superiority trial.
Lancet Neurol
February 2025
Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Cognitive Neurology, St Joseph's Health Care London, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address:
Background: No treatments exist for apathy in people with frontotemporal dementia. Previously, in a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study, intranasal oxytocin administration in people with frontotemporal dementia improved apathy ratings on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory over 1 week and, in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, a single dose of 72 IU oxytocin increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal in limbic brain regions. We aimed to determine whether longer treatment with oxytocin improves apathy in people with frontotemporal dementia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorticolimbic circuitry as a druggable target in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a narrative review.
Transl Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) involve disturbances in the integration of perception, emotion and cognition. The corticolimbic system is an interacting set of cortical and subcortical brain regions critically involved in this process. Understanding how neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms within this corticolimbic system may contribute to the development of not only positive symptoms but also negative and cognitive deficits in SSD has been a recent focus of intense research, as the latter are not adequately treated by current antipsychotic medications and are more strongly associated with poorer functioning and long-term outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA global overview of shared genetic architecture between smoking behaviors and major depressive disorder in European and East Asian ancestry.
J Affect Disord
January 2025
Department of Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address:
Background: The co-occurrence of smoking behaviors and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been widely documented in populations. However, the underlying mechanism of this association remains unclear.
Methods: Genome-wide association studies of smoking behaviors and MDD, combined with multi-omics datasets, were usedto characterise genetic correlations, identify shared loci and genes, and explore underlying biological mechanisms.
Understanding gender differences in reasoning and specific paradigm using meta-analysis of neuroimaging.
Front Behav Neurosci
January 2025
College of Foreign Languages and Literature, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.
Reasoning is a fundamental cognitive process that allows individuals to make inferences, decisions, and solve problems. Understanding the neural mechanisms of reasoning and the gender differences in these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending the neural foundations of reasoning and promoting gender equality in cognitive processing. This study conducted an Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of 275 studies, revealing that reasoning involves multiple brain regions, including the parts of frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal lobes, limbic system, and subcortical areas.
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