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Circadian clock communication during homeostasis and ageing.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
January 2025
Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
Maintaining homeostasis is essential for continued health, and the progressive decay of homeostatic processes is a hallmark of ageing. Daily environmental rhythms threaten homeostasis, and circadian clocks have evolved to execute physiological processes in a manner that anticipates, and thus mitigates, their effects on the organism. Clocks are active in almost all cell types; their rhythmicity and functional output are determined by a combination of tissue-intrinsic and systemic inputs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Background: Sleep dysfunction is commonly seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), potentially worsening these conditions. Investigating early neuropathological changes in human sleep-promoting neurons, which often precede cognitive decline, is crucial for understanding the basis for sleep dysfunction as possible treatments yet remain underexplored. We used postmortem brains of AD and PSP patients to quantify neuronal numbers and tau burden in the intermediate nucleus of the hypothalamus (IntN), VLPO analog, known for its role in sleep maintenance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
Background: Stress is a common modifiable risk factor for AD, which increases dementia risk 2-fold. During the stress response, the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is activated which stimulates the release of stress hormones called glucocorticoids into the blood stream. Studies on early-life stress have shown a glucocorticoid dependent vulnerability towards late-life inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disorder marked by progressive cognitive decline, memory deficits, and neuronal cell loss (Knopman, 2021). A brain region significantly impacted by the progression of AD is the subiculum, a structure responsible for spatial navigation, cognitive processes, and the modulation of emotional and affective behaviors within the hippocampus (Fanselow and Dong, 2010). Although subiculum cell loss has been well-established as an early indicator of AD (Carlesimo et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Background: Age, sex, and APOE genotype are well-established risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD). Previous findings demonstrate that neuroinflammatory profiles of the human midlife female brain closely resemble the human AD brain. Given APOE's role in LOAD pathogenesis, here we investigate the contribution of this risk factor on targeted AD relevant transcriptional pathways.
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