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The pipeline for drugs for control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases: 2. Oral anti-infective drugs and drug combinations for off-label use.
Parasit Vectors
October 2023
UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (WHO/TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Article Synopsis
- The World Health Organization (WHO) laid out its objectives for controlling and eliminating neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in a 2021-2030 roadmap, emphasizing the need for new treatment options and research.
- A review of current anti-infective drug developments reveals that the existing pipeline cannot meet all treatment needs for NTDs, and WHO allows for off-label drug use based on safety and efficacy.
- The article summarizes the lack of clinical research over the past decade on oral small-molecule drugs for numerous NTDs that are neither approved by regulatory authorities nor included in WHO strategies, identifying specific diseases and drugs that have not been thoroughly evaluated.
Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: common drugs for treatment and control.
Expert Opin Pharmacother
February 2004
Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA.
Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasitic trematode worms (schistosomes) that currently affects 200 million people living in tropical and subtropical environments. It is a chronic disease and the latest estimates for sub-Saharan Africa are that it kills > 200000 people every year. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) is caused by intestinal nematodes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemotherapy-induced, age-related changes in antischistosome antibody responses.
Parasite Immunol
February 2003
Comparative Epidemiology and Informatics, Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, UK.
Humoral responses directed against Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen were studied in Zimbabwean children before and after treatment with either praziquantel (PZQ) or oxamniquine (OXAM). Treated children showed a significant increase in the proportion producing IgE and IgG3 and in mean levels of IgE, IgM, IgG3 six weeks post-treatment. At 18 weeks post-treatment, the proportion of treated children producing IgA, IgE, and IgG3 increased while the proportion producing IgG1 and IgG4 decreased.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent progress in the development and use of artemether for chemoprophylaxis of major human schistosome parasites.
Curr Med Chem
December 2001
Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
Human schistosomiasis, a chronic and debilitating parasitic disease of the tropics, is ranked second after malaria in terms of public health importance. At present, there is no vaccine available, and chemotherapy is the cornerstone of schistosomiasis control. Praziquantel is the drug of choice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe efficacy of oxamniquine in selective population chemotherapy in Ethiopia.
Ethiop Med J
October 1995
Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Abeba University.
Oxamniquine, at 40 mg/kg body weight, was used in a pilot schistosomiasis control programme in an endemic community in Ethiopia. After mass screening of the population using Kato's thick smear method, 1556 positive patients were treated in divided doses over two consecutive days. However, only 1183 (76%) persons completed the total dose.
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