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BCG-Induced DNA Methylation Changes Improve Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Immunity Without Decreasing the Risk for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.
Open Forum Infect Dis
January 2025
Global Tuberculosis Program, William T. Shearer Center for Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Background: The BCG vaccine induces trained immunity, an epigenetic-mediated increase in innate immune responsiveness. Therefore, this clinical trial evaluated if BCG-induced trained immunity could decrease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related frequency or severity.
Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of healthcare workers randomized participants to vaccination with BCG TICE or placebo (saline).
Effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccination.
Clin Transl Immunology
January 2025
Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia.
Objectives: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination has off-target effects on disease risk for unrelated infections and immune responses to vaccines. This study aimed to determine the immunomodulatory effects of BCG vaccination on immune responses to vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
Methods: Blood samples, from a subset of 275 SARS-CoV-2-naïve healthcare workers randomised to BCG vaccination (BCG group) or no BCG vaccination (Control group) in the BRACE trial, were collected before and 28 days after the primary course (two doses) of ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccination.
A subunit vaccine Ag85A-LpqH focusing on humoral immunity provides substantial protection against tuberculosis in mice.
iScience
January 2025
National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
The importance of humoral immunity in combating TB has gained extensive recognition. In this study, a subunit vaccine named Ag85A-LpqH (AL) was prepared by fusing the antigen Ag85A proved to induce robust T cell immune responses, and LpqH was shown to produce protective antibodies. The prevention and BCG prime-boost mouse models were established to test the vaccine efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and M1 macrophage marker nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) in lymph node granulomas of BCG-vaccinated and non-vaccinated cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis.
Tuberculosis (Edinb)
January 2025
Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Bovine tuberculosis is mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attenuated strain of M. bovis which provides variable disease protection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn Update on Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines and the Challenges to Protect Against New SARS-CoV-2 Variants.
Pathogens
January 2025
Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant threat to global health systems, with extensive impacts across many sectors of society. The pandemic has been responsible for millions of deaths worldwide since its first identification in late 2019. Several actions have been taken to prevent the disease, including the unprecedented fast development and global vaccination campaigns, which were pivotal in reducing symptoms and deaths.
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