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This study presents a comprehensive phyto- and histochemical analysis of three species: L., the Balkan endemic Guss., and the Bulgarian endemic Delip.

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The Sublingua of and : Only a Cleaning Function?

Animals (Basel)

January 2025

Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología, GIR "Osteología y Anatomía Comparada", Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.

The sublingua is an anatomical structure located under the tongue. This rare organ can be present in some animals as a rudimentary structure, but among prosimian primates, such as lemurs and lorises, it is fully developed. In addition to the sublingua, prosimians have modified lower incisors and canines called "dental comb".

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  • This study investigates how bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) in mice leads to functional and structural issues in the hippocampus, a brain area crucial for learning and memory, after one month.
  • Behavioral tests showed that BCAS mice performed worse, and imaging techniques indicated reduced blood flow, inhibited synaptic plasticity, reduced gray matter volume, and changes in cell structure in the hippocampus.
  • The findings suggest that the hippocampus is particularly sensitive to chronic cerebral ischemia, leading to early cognitive deficits in memory and learning.
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Cystic degeneration (CD) in the liver is a cyst-like lesion composed of one or more pseudocysts lacking lining cells, occurring spontaneously in rats older than 12 months, with a male predilection. In this study, 32 CDs were identified in 23 out of 104 non-treated, control male Sprague-Dawley rats from two combined chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies with agrochemicals. They were examined histologically, histochemically, and immunohistochemically to assess the pathogenesis and pathological significance of CD, focusing on pseudocapillarization in aged rat liver.

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Introduction: Improving sleep in murine Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with reduced brain amyloidosis. However, the window of opportunity for successful sleep-targeted interventions, regarding the reduction in pathological hallmarks and related cognitive performance, remains poorly characterized.

Methods: Here, we enhanced slow-wave activity (SWA) during sleep via sodium oxybate (SO) oral administration for 2 weeks at early (6 months old) or moderately late (11 months old) disease stages in Tg2576 mice and evaluated resulting neuropathology and behavioral performance.

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