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Impact of residual aluminum on nanofiltration gypsum scaling: Mitigation roles played by different species.
Water Res
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China. Electronic address:
Residual aluminum (Al) is a growing pollutant in nanofiltration (NF) membrane-based drinking water treatment. To investigate the impact of distinct Al species fouling layers on gypsum scaling during NF, gypsum scaling tests were conducted on bare and three Al-conditioned (AlCl-, Al, and Al-) membranes. The morphology of gypsum, the role of Al species on Ca adsorption during gypsum scaling, and the interactions between gypsum crystals and Al-conditioned membranes were investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoscale Structure and Interfacial Electrochemical Reactivity of Moiré-Engineered Atomic Layers.
Acc Chem Res
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
ConspectusThe electronic properties of atomically thin van der Waals (vdW) materials can be precisely manipulated by vertically stacking them with a controlled offset (for example, a rotational offset─i.e., twist─between the layers, or a small difference in lattice constant) to generate moiré superlattices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReactivation of latent HIV-1 by the glucocorticoid receptor modulator AZD9567.
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Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
One key determinant of HIV-1 latency reversal is the activation of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) by cellular transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1. Interestingly, the activity of these two transcription factors can be modulated by glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). Furthermore, the HIV-1 genome contains multiple binding sites for GRs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResistance mutations that distinguish HIV-1 envelopes with discordant VRC01 phenotypes from multi-lineage infections in the HVTN703/HPTN081 trial: implications for cross-resistance.
J Virol
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SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa.
The Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) trials showed that passively infused VRC01, a broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) targeting the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) on the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env), protected against neutralization-sensitive viruses. We identified six individuals from the VRC01 treatment arm with multi-lineage breakthrough HIV-1 infections from HVTN703, where one variant was sensitive to VRC01 (IC < 25 ug/mL) but another was resistant. By comparing Env sequences of resistant and sensitive clones from each participant, we identified sites predicted to affect VRC01 neutralization and assessed the effect of their reversion in the VRC01-resistant clone on neutralization sensitivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanistic determinants and dynamics of cA6 synthesis in type III CRISPR-Cas effector complexes.
Nucleic Acids Res
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrass 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Type III clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems (type III CRISPR-Cas systems) use guide RNAs to recognize RNA transcripts of foreign genetic elements, which triggers the generation of cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers by the Cas10 subunit of the type III effector complex. In turn, cOAs bind and activate ancillary effector proteins to reinforce the host immune response. Type III systems utilize distinct cOAs, including cyclic tri- (cA3), tetra- (cA4) and hexa-adenylates (cA6).
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