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The peculiar characteristics and advancement in diagnostic methodologies of influenza A virus.
Front Microbiol
January 2025
CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a significant public health concern, causing seasonal outbreaks and occasional pandemics. These outbreaks result from changes in the virus's surface proteins which include hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Influenza A virus has a vast reservoir, including wild birds, pigs, horses, domestic and marine animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRespiratory viruses affecting health and performance in equine athletes.
Virology
December 2024
Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Some respiratory viruses can affect equine athletes, with acute respiratory clinical signs leading to a reduced ability to perform. The direct association between equine respiratory viruses and athletic performance is unclear in subclinically affected horses. This narrative review summarises the current evidence on respiratory viruses most commonly detected in performing horses, including equine herpesviruses, equine influenza virus, equine rhinitis viruses, equine arteritis virus, and equine adenovirus 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDetection of equine influenza virus gene in the air around infected horses.
Vet Microbiol
January 2025
Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
Equine influenza virus (EIV) can be transmitted by inhalation of aerosolized droplets, direct contact, and contaminated fomites. However, to our knowledge, there are no reports of the recovery of EIV from the air surrounding infected horses. Here, we evaluated whether EIV can be recovered from the air in the stalls of experimentally infected horses by using an air sampler.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComments on 'Should the equine community be concerned about the emergence of the H5N1 subtype of highly pathogenic avian influenza in US cattle?'.
Equine Vet J
December 2024
Royal GD, Department of Small Ruminants, Horses and Companion Animals, Deventer, The Netherlands.
Use of equine H3N8 hemagglutinin as a broadly protective influenza vaccine immunogen.
NPJ Vaccines
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA.
Development of an efficacious universal influenza vaccines remains a long-sought goal. Current vaccines have shortfalls such as mid/low efficacy and needing yearly strain revisions to account for viral drift/shift. Horses undergo bi-annual vaccines for the H3N8 equine influenza virus, and surveillance of sera from vaccinees demonstrated very broad reactivity and neutralization to many influenza strains.
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