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Intestinal permeability, food antigens and the microbiome: a multifaceted perspective.
Front Allergy
January 2025
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
The gut barrier encompasses several interactive, physical, and functional components, such as the gut microbiota, the mucus layer, the epithelial layer and the gut mucosal immunity. All these contribute to homeostasis in a well-regulated manner. Nevertheless, this frail balance might be disrupted for instance by westernized dietary habits, infections, pollution or exposure to antibiotics, thus diminishing protective immunity and leading to the onset of chronic diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegrated health and nutrition approaches to school feeding: maximising future human capital in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Front Public Health
January 2025
Social Protection and Nutrition Unit, Programme Division, World Food Programme, Panama City, Panama.
Integrated health and nutrition packages in schools have been shown to be a cost-effective approach to support children's well-being and academic achievement; yet few countries adequately invest in promoting such integration. School feeding programmes in Latin America are among the best-established, with some of the largest scale and coverage in the world. National School Meal programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean benefit over 80.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Hypothyroidism is a common sequela after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained prominence in thyroid imaging, leveraging its non-ionizing radiation, high spatial resolution, multiparameter and multidirectional imaging. Few previous studies have investigated the evaluation of radiation-induced thyroid injury by MRI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvidence for direct dopaminergic connections between substantia nigra pars compacta and thalamus in young healthy humans.
Front Neural Circuits
January 2025
Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Advanced MRI Research Center, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
The substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), one of the main dopaminergic nuclei of the brain, exerts a regulatory function on the basal ganglia circuitry via the nigro-striatal pathway but its possible dopaminergic innervation of the thalamus has been only investigated in non-human primates. The impossibility of tract-tracing studies in humans has boosted advanced MRI techniques and multi-shell high-angular resolution diffusion MRI (MS-HARDI) has promised to shed more light on the structural connectivity of subcortical structures. Here, we estimated the possible dopaminergic innervation of the human thalamus via an MS-HARDI tractography of the SNc in healthy human young adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn much of the northern Great Basin of the western United States, rangelands, and semi-arid ecosystems invaded by exotic annual grasses such as cheatgrass () and medusahead () are experiencing an increasingly short fire cycle, which is compounding and persistent. Improving and expanding ground-based field methods for measuring the above-ground biomass (AGB) may enable more sample collections across a landscape and over succession regimes and better harmonize with other remote sensing techniques. Developments and increased adoption of unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) and instrumentation for vegetation monitoring enable greater understanding of vegetation in many ecosystems.
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