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Thiouracil (2-thiouracil) is a thyrostat used to promote weight gain in cattle. However, its use is prohibited within the European Union (EU), necessitating the monitoring of its presence in bovine urine for beef exports to the EU. In this study, we present the development and validation of a quantitative method for the determination of 2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil, and 6-methyl-2-thiouracil in bovine urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic Bromine Intoxication Complicated with Fanconi Syndrome.
Intern Med
December 2024
Department of General Medicine, Nerima Hikarigaoka Hospital, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- - An 80-year-old woman experienced chronic bromine poisoning from taking OTC medication with bromovalerylurea (BVU), leading to drug-induced partial Fanconi syndrome and osteomalacia.
- - The patient's health improved after she stopped consuming the bromide-containing medication.
- - This case emphasizes the dangers of long-term exposure to BVU found in OTC drugs and the need for caution when using such medications.
Evaluating the pharmacokinetics of beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate/glycopyrronium bromide delivered via pressurised metered-dose inhaler using a low global warming potential propellant.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther
June 2024
Clinical Pharmacology Unit, SGS Belgium NV, Edegem, Belgium.
Article Synopsis
- The text discusses the transition from high global warming potential propellants in metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) to those with lower environmental impact, specifically investigating a new formulation of BDP/FF/GB using HFA-152a instead of HFA-134a.
- Three studies were conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics of the new formulation, focusing on metrics like lung availability and systemic exposure in healthy volunteers, using a crossover design.
- Results showed that bioequivalence was achieved for systemic exposure of the active ingredients in most cases, but not for one measurement of glycopyrronium bromide, indicating some variability in absorption.
Cholinergic Neurotransmission Controls Orexigenic Endocannabinoid Signaling in the Gut in Diet-Induced Obesity.
J Neurosci
May 2024
Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
The brain bidirectionally communicates with the gut to control food intake and energy balance, which becomes dysregulated in obesity. For example, endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling in the small-intestinal (SI) epithelium is upregulated in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and promotes overeating by a mechanism that includes inhibiting gut-brain satiation signaling. Upstream neural and molecular mechanism(s) involved in overproduction of orexigenic gut eCBs in DIO, however, are unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane, a novel brominated flame retardant, disrupts intestinal barrier function via the IRX3/NOS2 axis in rat small intestine.
J Hazard Mater
January 2024
Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China. Electronic address:
Novel brominated flame retardants are widely used in electronics, textiles, furniture, and other products; they can enter the human body through ingestion and respiration and cause harm to the human body, and have been proven to have potential biological toxicity and accumulation effects. 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) is a widely used novel brominated flame retardant; however, there is a lack of research on its mechanism of toxicity, particularly that of intestinal toxicity. Currently, studies on the functionality of iroquois homeobox 3 (IRX3) are extremely limited.
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