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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on the interactions between light, photosensitizers, and tissue oxygen to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily singlet oxygen (O) through Type II photochemical reactions, along with superoxide anion radicals (O), hydrogen peroxide (HO), and hydroxyl radicals (OH) through Type I mechanisms. Accurate dosimetry, accounting for all three components, is crucial for predicting and optimizing PDT outcomes. Conventional dosimetry tracks only light fluence rate and photosensitizer concentration, neglecting the role of tissue oxygenation.

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Objective: Fibrosing mediastinitis (FM) is a rare and benign disease affecting the mediastinum and often causes pulmonary hypertension (PH). Timely diagnosis of PH caused by FM is clinically important to mitigate complications such as right heart failure in affected individuals. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the CT imaging characteristics of TB-related FM in patients with tuberculosis (TB).

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A 70-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea. Atypical cells with multilobated nuclei were observed in the pleural effusion. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was diagnosed based on a cell block analysis.

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Objectives: Pressurized IntraThoracic Aerosol Chemotherapy (PITAC) has been suggested as a new therapy for patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and/or pleural metastasis (PLM). The patients have a poor prognosis with a median survival of 3 to 12 months. We present feasibility, patient safety, and cytological/histological response assessment in PITAC-treated patients with MPE and/or PLM.

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Plasmablastic lymphoma (PbL) is a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, primarily linked to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This case report presents a 34-year-old HIV-positive patient who exhibited unusual signs of pleural thickening and effusion. Initial evaluations, including imaging and pleural fluid analysis, suggested thoracic empyema.

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