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Linguistically informed ChatGPT prompts to enhance Japanese-Chinese machine translation: A case study on attributive clauses.
PLoS One
January 2025
School of Foreign Languages, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
In the field of Japanese-Chinese translation linguistics, the issue of correctly translating attributive clauses has persistently proven to be challenging. Present-day machine translation tools often fail to accurately translate attributive clauses from Japanese to Chinese. In light of this, this paper investigates the linguistic problem underlying such difficulties, namely how does the semantic role of the modified noun affect the selection of translation patterns for attributive clauses, from a linguistic perspective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenomic Prediction of Individual Inbreeding Levels for the Management of Genetic Diversity in Populations With Small Effective Size.
Mol Ecol Resour
January 2025
Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R & Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
In populations of small effective size (N), such as those in conservation programmes, companion animals or livestock species, inbreeding control is essential. Homozygosity-by-descent (HBD) segments provide relevant information in that context, as they allow accurate estimation of the inbreeding coefficient, provide locus-specific information and their length is informative about the "age" of inbreeding. Our objective was to evaluate tools for predicting HBD in future offspring based on parental genotypes, a problem equivalent to identifying segments identical-by-descent (IBD) among the four parental chromosomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAllele ages provide limited information about the strength of negative selection.
Genetics
December 2024
Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
For many problems in population genetics, it is useful to characterize the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of de novo mutations among a certain class of sites. A DFE is typically estimated by fitting an observed site frequency spectrum (SFS) to an expected SFS given a hypothesized distribution of selection coefficients and demographic history. The development of tools to infer gene trees from haplotype alignments, along with ancient DNA resources, provides us with additional information about the frequency trajectories of segregating mutations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlobal language geography and language history: challenges and opportunities.
Open Res Eur
October 2024
Dynamique Du Langage, Centre Nacional de la Recherche Scientifique, Lyon, France.
As the several thousand languages spoken by people all around the world became more and more systematically assessed and catalogued in the 20th century, it became clear that linguistic diversity is unevently distributed across the globe. Up to the present day, the reasons for that are poorly understood. Linguists are thus in the embarassing situation that they do not understand significant regularities in the way the objects of their study -languages- pattern; human sciences at large are faced with the fact that the way humans produce that key cultural product which is often seen as defining the essence of what makes them humans -language-remains in the dark.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe minor in Spanish legislation: an ethics perspective.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed)
November 2024
Instituto Borja de Bioética, Universidad de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
Introduction: Legislation embodies and regulates the common values by which a society is governed. Today's society is multicultural and dynamic, a consensus must be reached and values consolidated on which different ideological groups can agree, an approach known as the ethics of minima. The concept of the minor has also been changing over the years; from being perceived as passive to being considered an autonomous individual engaged in the development of his or her life project and the bearer of duties and rights to be progressively exercised according to his or her capacity.
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