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The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity: Disruption of microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid metabolism.
Acta Pharm Sin B
November 2024
Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is associated with significant neurotoxicity, high addiction potential, and behavioral abnormalities. Recent studies have identified a connection between the gut microbiota and METH-induced neurotoxicity and behavioral disorders. However, the underlying causal mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to METH pathophysiology remain largely unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVagal innervation limits brain injury by inhibiting gut-selective integrin-mediated intestinal immunocyte migration in intracerebral hemorrhage.
Theranostics
December 2024
Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 450003, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
: The vagus nerve, which connects the brain and gastrointestinal tract, helps to maintain immune balance in the intestines. Gut-specific integrins, on the other hand, help to keep immune cells in the intestines. Since immune cells from outside the intestines can significantly affect the outcome of strokes, we investigated how immune cells from the intestines affect the immune response in the brain during intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of heart rate variability, hemodynamic, metabolic and inflammatory parameters in various phases of decompansatory hemorrhagic shock of normal and vagotomized conscious male rats.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord
November 2024
Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
Article Synopsis
- Heart rate variability (HRV) has potential as a tool for assessing the severity of hemorrhagic shock (HS) by comparing it with traditional methods of measuring hemodynamic and metabolic parameters.
- The study involved male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to varying degrees of HS, revealing that HRV changes, particularly in low-frequency power and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, correlate with blood pressure and tissue perfusion.
- Despite observed HRV alterations being linked to hemodynamic factors, they didn’t show a direct connection with inflammatory responses in the animals.
Microglial and Macrophage Plasticity and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Prenatal Brain and Gut Under Vagus Nerve Stimulation.
Methods Mol Biol
November 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Institute on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
An intricate relationship exists between the vagus nerve and systemic immune cell regulation, specifically during fetal development. Little is known about the connection between the vagus nerve and the brain's regional circulatory control. In this chapter, we present a methodology for studying the impact of vagus nerve signaling on these connections in the developing fetus using the sheep model for human fetal physiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrasonographically measured atrophy of vagus nerve in Parkinson's Disease: clinical and pathogenetic insights plus systematic review and meta-analysis.
Neurol Neurochir Pol
October 2024
Neurology and Stroke Department, St. Adalbert Hospital, Gdansk, Poland.
Introduction: According to the current Parkinson's Disease (PD) pathogenesis hypotheses, the vagus nerve (VN) is essential for disease development. It has been identified as a main entry point for misfolded α-synuclein to the central nervous system, and surgical vagotomy appears to limit disease progress both in animal models and in humans. A recent approach tried to assess VN size in PD patients via neck ultrasonography, but the clinical value of this method is yet to be established.
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