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[Gout management: an update].
Ther Umsch
July 2016
3 Klinik für Pharmakologie, Universitätsspital Basel.
Gout is the most frequent arthritis worldwide. Despite progress in therapeutic options the majority of gout patients are still insufficiently treated. International guidelines (ACR, EULAR, 3e initiative) clearly specify treatment targets: keep the patient flare-free and maintain a low urate serum level (< 360 µmol/l).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFlavonoids of Cynara scolymus possess potent xanthinoxidase inhibitory activity in vitro but are devoid of hypouricemic effects in rats after oral application.
Planta Med
February 2008
College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaves have been historically used for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout, however whether artichoke is truly efficacious for this indication, is still a matter of debate. Thus, the goal of the present study was first to examine the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity of an artichoke leaf extract (ALE) and some of its main compounds in vitro and then further test potentially active substances for possible hypouricemic effects using an in vivo rat model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of nuclear factor-kappa B in bacterial translocation in cholestatic rats.
Pediatr Surg Int
January 2006
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
Xanthinoxidase (XO) derived radical species are involved in bacterial translocation (BT) in cholestatic rats. The mechanism by which XO influences remains unclear. It has been shown recently that nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), a ubiquitous transcription factor, can be activated by oxidative stress and thereby promote the process of BT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effects of allopurinol on immune function in normal BALB/c and SCID mice.
Int J Immunopharmacol
July 2000
The Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan.
To clarify the relationship between purine metabolism and immunity, the in vivo immunosuppressive effects of allopurinol (AL), a xanthinoxidase (XO) inhibitor, were studied using normal BALB/c and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Following AL administration for 14 weeks (long term), a decreased immune response to ovalbumin (OVA) in the peripheral blood was observed in normal mice, which might not be only due to direct B cell suppression but also due to suppression of helper T cell function. In the SCID mice, there was a markedly late and reduced recovery of surface immunoglobulin (sIg) positive cells, which are markers for mature B lymphocytes, in the peripheral blood after AL administration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Xenobiotic and biochemical parameters of isolated rat hepatocytes].
Arh Hig Rada Toksikol
March 1992
Institut za hemiju, Prirodno-matematicki fakultet, Novi Sad, Prag, CSR.
The authors investigated the effects of the inductors (griseofulvin and fenitoin) and the inhibitors of the cytochrome P-450 (metronidazole, chloramphenicol and phenylbutazone), the effects of the drugs with the purine structure (aminophylline, xanthinol-nicotinate, pentoxiphylline, azathioprine, thioguanine, 6-mercaptopurine), and the effects of several pesticides (lindane, binapicrile, parathion) on some biochemical parameters of the rat liver. The following parameters were determined: viability of hepatocytes, the content of glutathione and cytochrome P-450, and the activity of xanthinoxidase and lipoperoxidase. The experiments were performed in vivo and in vitro.
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