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Nutrition users' guides: RCTs part 1 - structured guide for assessing risk of bias in randomised controlled trials that address therapy or prevention questions.
BMJ Nutr Prev Health
August 2024
Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
The purpose of this article, part 1 of 2 on randomised controlled trials (RCTs), is to provide readers (eg, clinicians, patients, health service and policy decision-makers) of the nutrition literature structured guidance on interpreting RCTs. Evaluation of a given RCT involves several considerations, including the potential for risk of bias, the assessment of estimates of effect and their corresponding precision, and the applicability of the evidence to one's patient. Risk of bias refers to flaws in the design or conduct of a study that may lead to a deviation from measuring the underlying true effect of an intervention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-Surgical Management of Gallstones During Pregnancy: A Clinical Case Report.
Cureus
December 2024
Neurosurgery, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, Sibiu, ROU.
Gallstone disease during pregnancy, or cholelithiasis, presents significant clinical challenges due to hormonal, anatomical, and metabolic changes. Progesterone therapy, commonly used in pregnancy for uterine bleeding, can exacerbate gallstone risk by reducing gallbladder motility and promoting cholesterol gallstone formation. This case report describes a 29-year-old pregnant woman with no prior gallbladder disease who developed multiple cholesterol gallstones during the third trimester while undergoing progesterone therapy for bleeding associated with a bicornuate uterus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAI-based analysis of fetal growth restriction in a prospective obstetric cohort quantifies compound risks for perinatal morbidity and mortality and identifies previously unrecognized high risk clinical scenarios.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Utah Health, 30 N. Mario Capecchi Dr., Level 5 South, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a leading risk factor for stillbirth, yet the diagnosis of FGR confers considerable prognostic uncertainty, as most infants with FGR do not experience any morbidity. Our objective was to use data from a large, deeply phenotyped observational obstetric cohort to develop a probabilistic graphical model (PGM), a type of "explainable artificial intelligence (AI)", as a potential framework to better understand how interrelated variables contribute to perinatal morbidity risk in FGR.
Methods: Using data from 9,558 pregnancies delivered at ≥ 20 weeks with available outcome data, we derived and validated a PGM using randomly selected sub-cohorts of 80% (n = 7645) and 20% (n = 1,912), respectively, to discriminate cases of FGR resulting in composite perinatal morbidity from those that did not.
Retrospective analysis of the effect of electronic cardiotocography on selected birth and neonatal variables among 4172 women from a Single Centre in Warsaw, Poland.
Ginekol Pol
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Didactics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Objectives: Cardiotocography (KTG) is widely used for continuous or intermittent assessment of fetal heart function. This study aimed to compare the effects of continuous and intermittent KTG during labour on selected variables.
Material And Methods: In a retrospective study, 4172 medical records of Warsaw Hospital (Poland) patients were analysed.
Exploring the Role of the Pharmacist in the Prevention and Management of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy in Ashanti Region, Ghana.
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDPs) are a leading cause of poor maternal and birth outcomes worldwide. Prompt management of these disorders is usually recommended to optimize outcomes. Administration of pharmacotherapeutic agents is critical in the prevention and management of these disorders.
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