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Twenty years of intervention optimization.
Ann Behav Med
December 2024
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States.
In the classical paradigm for intervention research, the components that are to make up an intervention are identified, pilot tested, and then immediately assembled into a treatment package and subjected to an evaluation randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the performance of the entire package. Intervention optimization, which adapts ideas from technological fields to intervention science in order to hasten scientific progress, is an alternative to the classical paradigm. The first article introducing intervention optimization via the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) was published in Annals of Behavioral Medicine in 2005.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReflecting on the LK-99 fervour: insights and future prospects.
J Phys Condens Matter
December 2024
Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of the NAS of Ukraine, 36 Acad. Vernadsky Boulevard, Kyiv 03142, Ukraine.
A Copper-substituted lead apatite, named LK-99 by its authors, has recently emerged as a candidate for the world's first ambient-conditions superconductor, but has since not demonstrated the anticipated properties when subject to independent scrutiny. In this review we cover the experimental and theoretical studies that have been dedicated to this unusual material, while briefly discussing the original arXiv papers. So far, all the synthesis methods result in the formation of a multiphase material with unpredictable structure and unstable stoichiometry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemical Kinetics in Microdroplets.
Annu Rev Phys Chem
June 2024
Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA; email:
Micrometer-sized compartments play significant roles in driving heterogeneous transformations within atmospheric and biochemical systems as well as providing vehicles for drug delivery and novel reaction environments for the synthesis of industrial chemicals. Many reports now indicate that reaction kinetics are accelerated under microconfinement, for example, in sprays, thin films, droplets, aerosols, and emulsions. These observations are dramatic, posing a challenge to our understanding of chemical reaction mechanisms with potentially significant practical consequences for predicting the complex chemistry in natural systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarly stage of erythrocyte sedimentation rate test: Fracture of a high-volume-fraction gel.
PNAS Nexus
January 2024
Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a clinical parameter used as a nonspecific marker for inflammation, and recent studies have shown that it is linked to the collapse of the gel formed by red blood cells (RBCs) at physiological hematocrits (i.e. RBC volume fraction).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathological Heart Rate Regulation in Apparently Healthy Individuals.
Entropy (Basel)
July 2023
Cardiovascular Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10099 Berlin, Germany.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults worldwide. There is one common pathophysiological aspect present in all cardiovascular diseases-dysfunctional heart rhythm regulation. Taking this aspect into consideration for cardiovascular risk predictions opens important research perspectives, allowing for the development of preventive treatment techniques.
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