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Effects of anesthetic protocol, procedure, and recovery stall and interval on the quality of recovery in repeatedly anesthetized horses.
Can J Vet Res
January 2025
Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1.
The objective of this prospective study was to investigate whether repeated consecutive general anesthesia in horses undergoing 2 different anesthetic protocols could lead to improved recovery scores. Six healthy female Standardbred horses (453 ± 57 kg; 6.5 ± 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute Paraoxon-Induced Neurotoxicity in a Mouse Survival Model: Oxidative Stress, Dopaminergic System Alterations and Memory Deficits.
Int J Mol Sci
November 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the secondary neurotoxicity resulting from severe organophosphorus (OP) poisoning, specifically paraoxon (POX), and its impact on cognitive functions in surviving mice.
- Mice were injected with POX followed by various treatments, resulting in high survival rates but significant neurological changes such as increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in neurotransmitter levels in key brain areas linked to memory.
- Despite no signs of depression or anxiety, the study found long-term memory impairments in the mice, highlighting the model's usefulness for exploring the effects of OP exposure and strategies to combat associated cognitive deficits.
Deaths involving novel benzodiazepines in Victoria, Australia from 2018 to 2022.
J Anal Toxicol
November 2024
Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, Melbourne 3006, Australia.
Novel benzodiazepine (NBz) detections in Victorian coronial cases started early in 2018 and have continued to increase in number and type up to December 2022. The 11 different NBz detections included etizolam (n = 82), flualprazolam (n = 43), clonazolam or 8-aminoclonazolam (n = 30), bromazolam (n = 15), clobromazolam (n = 13), phenazepam (n = 13), flubromazolam (n = 12), flubromazepam (n = 8), desalkylflurazepam (n = 6), diclazepam (n = 2), and estazolam (n = 1). The pattern of detections varied over the 5-year period, with different compounds appearing over different time frames.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effect of magnesium sulfate on memory and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model: an investigation of its neuronal molecular mechanisms.
Neurol Res
August 2024
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
Background: Anxiety is an adaptive response to potentially threatening conditions. Excessive and uncontrolled anxiety responses become nonadaptive and cause anxiety disorders. To better understand the anxiety-modulating effects of Mg sulfate, behavioral test batteries in the assessment of anxiety and learning and memory functions were performed simultaneously over a time period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of standard nerve agent medical countermeasures in Göttingen Minipigs.
Toxicol Lett
June 2024
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Medical Toxicology Research Division, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Animal research, particularly using Göttingen minipigs, is essential for developing medical countermeasures for chemical defense, reducing the need for non-human primates.
- Studies on drugs like atropine, 2-PAM, and diazepam showed predictable pharmacokinetics and physiological safety in minipigs, mirroring human data for atropine and partially for others.
- The findings suggest that Göttingen minipigs are a suitable alternative for large animal testing, and further research in this model can enhance treatment strategies against nerve agents.
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