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Errors are robustly tamed in cumulative knowledge processes.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2025
Computer Science, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134.
As knowledge accumulates in science and society in a distributed fashion, erroneous derivations can be introduced into the corpus of knowledge. Such derivations can compromise the validity of any units of knowledge that rely on them in the future. Can societal knowledge maintain some level of integrity given simple distributed error-checking mechanisms? In this paper, we investigate the following formulation of the question: assuming that a constant fraction of the new derivations is wrong, is it possible for simple error-checking mechanisms that apply when a new unit of knowledge is derived to maintain the integrity of the corpus of knowledge? This question was introduced by Ben-Eliezer et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe advantages of lexicon-based sentiment analysis in an age of machine learning.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Political Science, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, United States of America.
Assessing whether texts are positive or negative-sentiment analysis-has wide-ranging applications across many disciplines. Automated approaches make it possible to code near unlimited quantities of texts rapidly, replicably, and with high accuracy. Compared to machine learning and large language model (LLM) approaches, lexicon-based methods may sacrifice some in performance, but in exchange they provide generalizability and domain independence, while crucially offering the possibility of identifying gradations in sentiment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreanalytical Sedimentation Effects on Hematological Tests.
J Appl Lab Med
December 2024
HealthPartners Medical Laboratory, Pathology Lab, Bloomington, MN, United States.
Introduction: Specimens suspected of errors related to low hemoglobin or changes in hemoglobin beyond that of clinically explained variations during hospital stays are frequently redrawn under the auspices that they are contaminated. When lack of an indwelling IV eliminates contamination as a possibility, evaluation of the specimen between the time of collection and testing should occur.
Methods: As part of a quality improvement project, we investigated the impact of sedimentation on collected blood specimens not immediately transferred to their respective tubes from a syringe.
Prediction of Retention Indices in LC-HRMS for Enhanced Structural Identification of Organic Micropollutants in Water: Selectivity-Based Filtration.
Anal Chem
January 2025
Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Addressing the global challenge of ensuring access to safe drinking water, especially in developing countries, demands cost-effective, eco-friendly, and readily available technologies. The persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation potential of organic pollutants arising from various human activities pose substantial hurdles. While high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) is a widely utilized technique for identifying pollutants in water, the multitude of structures for a single elemental composition complicates structural identification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEMG-based wake gestures eliminate false activations during out-of-set activities of daily living: an online myoelectric control study.
J Neural Eng
January 2025
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.
While myoelectric control has been commercialized in prosthetics for decades, its adoption for more general human-machine interaction has been slow. Although high accuracies can be achieved across many gestures, current control approaches are prone to false activations in real-world conditions. This is because the same electromyogram (EMG) signals generated during the elicitation of gestures are also naturally activated when performing activities of daily living (ADLs), such as when driving to work or while typing on a keyboard.
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