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Latest clinical frontiers related to autism diagnostic strategies.
Cell Rep Med
January 2025
DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Rigenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
The diagnosis of autism is currently based on the developmental history, direct observation of behavior, and reported symptoms, supplemented by rating scales/interviews/structured observational evaluations-which is influenced by the clinician's knowledge and experience-with no established diagnostic biomarkers. A growing body of research has been conducted over the past decades to improve diagnostic accuracy. Here, we provide an overview of the current diagnostic assessment process as well as of recent and ongoing developments to support diagnosis in terms of genetic evaluation, telemedicine, digital technologies, use of machine learning/artificial intelligence, and research on candidate diagnostic biomarkers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReal-time mechanism-based interventions for daily alcohol challenges: Protocol for ecological momentary assessment and intervention.
Digit Health
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Background: Advancing evidence-based, tailored interventions for substance use disorders (SUDs) requires understanding temporal directionality while upholding ecological validity. Previous studies identified loneliness and craving as pivotal factors associated with alcohol consumption, yet the precise directionality of these relationships remains ambiguous.
Objective: This study aims to establish a smartphone-based real-life intervention platform that integrates momentary assessment and intervention into everyday life.
Objectives: Should a young person receive psychotherapy or medication for their depression and on what evidence do we base this decision? In this paper, we test the factors across modalities that may influence comparability between medication and psychotherapy trials.
Methods: We included 92 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of psychotherapy and medication for child and adolescent depression (mean age 4-18 years). Using meta-analyses, we compared (a) participant characteristics and (b) trial characteristics in medication and psychotherapy trials.
Brain acid sphingomyelinase controls addiction-related behaviours in a sex-specific way.
Neurobiol Dis
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, J 5, 68159 Heidelberg, Germany.
Addiction is a chronic and severe mental disorder with high gender- and sex-specificity. However, the pathogenesis of this disorder is not fully elucidated, and no targeted pharmacotherapy is available. A growing body of evidence points out the potential involvement of the ceramide system in the pathophysiology of addiction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Mechanisms of action of antidepressive pharmacotherapy: brain and mind-body and environment].
Nervenarzt
January 2025
Abteilung für Molekulares Neuroimaging, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland.
Background: Novel antidepressive substances are challenging the explanations for the mechanisms of action of traditional psychopharmacology.
Objective: What could be the shared effects of various antidepressants and in this context what role do extrapharmacological factors, such as the body and environment, play?
Material And Method: The available literature on clinical and preclinical data for assumed combined active factors of serotonergic psychedelic drugs, (es)ketamine, monoaminergic antidepressants and zuranolone are presented and the influence of context factors on the individual mechanisms of action is discussed.
Results: There are many indications that classical and novel pharmacological approaches could share similar mechanisms of action in the treatment of depression.
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