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Background: Traditionally, urine analysis of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphate (Phos) requires acidification of the sample. This study aims to assess the need for acidification and evaluate preanalytical factors that influence the accurate measurement of these analytes in urine.

Results: A total of 107 spot urine samples from patients with a median age of 9 years (95% ≤ 21 years of age, range 5 days to 46 years) were analyzed for Ca (n = 94), Mg (n = 97), and Phos (n = 102) with and without acidification.

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Source segregation and treatment of urine and faeces from dairy cattle reduces GHG and NH emissions in covered storage.

J Environ Manage

January 2025

Agricultural Biosystems Engineering Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.

Managing dairy excreta as slurry can result in significant emissions of ammonia (NH) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) during storage and thereafter. Additionally, slurry often has an imbalanced nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) ratio for crop fertilization. While various treatments exist to address emissions and nutrient imbalances, each has trade-offs that can result in pollution swapping.

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Article Synopsis
  • Proximal renal tubular dysfunction is common during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, but previous studies have lacked comprehensive analysis of its multiple functions and have not explored distal tubular function.
  • In a study involving patients with and without DKA, those with DKA showed significantly higher levels of urinary β2-microglobulin and lower blood pH and phosphorus reabsorption, indicating renal dysfunction.
  • The findings suggest that DKA in type 1 diabetes may lead to multiple proximal tubular dysfunctions resembling transient Fanconi syndrome, while distal renal tubular acidosis is unlikely to be present.
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Background: Ammonium chloride is the most common urine acidifier used for urolithiasis treatment and prevention in goats.

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine a guideline for ammonium chloride administration to acidify urine in goats.

Methods: A three-period, three-treatment crossover study was conducted in three groups, with 10 female goats in each group.

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This study examined various source-separating sanitation systems to evaluate their environmental performance, providing decision-makers with insights for selecting an appropriate system for a newly developed neighborhood in Sweden. A full consequential LCA was conducted to account for resource recovery and substitution. The local wastewater treatment plant WWTP was modeled as a reference.

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