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Lack of context modulation in human single neuron responses in the medial temporal lobe.
Cell Rep
January 2025
Centre for Systems Neuroscience, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:
In subjects implanted with intracranial electrodes, we use two different stories involving the same person (or place) to evaluate whether and to what extent context modulates human single-neuron responses. Nearly all neurons (97% during encoding and 100% during recall) initially responding to a person/place do not modulate their response with context. Likewise, nearly none (<1%) of the initially non-responsive neurons show conjunctive coding, responding to particular persons/places in a particular context during the tasks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA subtype specific probe for targeted magnetic resonance imaging of M2 tumor-associated macrophages in brain tumors.
Acta Biomater
January 2025
Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. Electronic address:
Pro-tumoral M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), making them an important therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Approaches for imaging and monitoring M2 TAMs, as well as tracking their changes in response to tumor progression or treatment are highly sought-after but remain underdeveloped. Here, we report an M2-targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe based on sub-5 nm ultrafine iron oxide nanoparticles (uIONP), featuring an anti-biofouling coating to prevent non-specific macrophage uptake and an M2-specific peptide ligand (M2pep) for active targeting of M2 TAMs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCholine kinase alpha regulates autophagy-associated exosome release to promote glioma cell progression.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
February 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China. Electronic address:
Glioma is the most common primary intracranial malignant tumor in adults, with a poor prognosis. Exosomes released by tumor cells play a crucial role in tumor development, metastasis, angiogenesis, and other biological processes. Despite this significance, the precise molecular mechanisms governing exosome secretion and their impact on tumor progression remain incompletely understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferential impact of lymphatic outflow pathways on cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis.
J Exp Med
February 2025
Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Dysfunctional lymphatic drainage from the central nervous system (CNS) has been linked to neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders, but our understanding of the lymphatic contribution to CNS fluid autoregulation remains limited. Here, we studied forces that drive the outflow of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the deep and superficial cervical lymph nodes (dcLN and scLN) and tested how the blockade of lymphatic networks affects CNS fluid homeostasis. Outflow to the dcLN occurred spontaneously in the absence of lymphatic pumping and was coupled to intracranial pressure (ICP), whereas scLN drainage was driven by pumping.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKilohertz electrical stimulation evokes robust cellular responses like conventional frequencies but distinct population dynamics.
Commun Biol
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Intracranial electrical kilohertz stimulation has recently been shown to achieve similar therapeutic benefit as conventional frequencies around 140 Hz. However, it is unknown how kilohertz stimulation influences neural activity in the mammalian brain. Using cellular calcium imaging in awake mice, we demonstrate that intracranial stimulation at 1 kHz evokes robust responses in many individual neurons, comparable to those induced by conventional 40 and 140 Hz stimulation in both the hippocampus and sensorimotor cortex.
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