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: The prevalence of kidney stones has increased, especially in industrialized countries. Obesity and metabolic syndrome have also risen significantly and are considered factors driving this trend. Our goal was to assess the hospitalization burden of kidney stones and identify epidemiological trends in Spain over the past 25 years.

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Objective: To investigate the presence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and gallbladder abnormalities in a sample of people with Down syndrome in Brazil.

Methods: This is a retrospective study using medical charts involving Down syndrome patients, diagnosed by karyotype, aged over 5 years, who underwent abdominal ultrasound and were monitored by the same professional in a clinic in Curitiba, Brazil. Data spanned January 1995 to September 2023; all cases with no use of alcohol or hepatotoxic medications.

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Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) is an effective therapeutic approach in cases of lithiasis, which is prone to complications. In this report we present a case of a 52-year-old female patient with recurrent episodes of lithiasis and, after PCNL, evolution with pain and abdominal distension on the 2nd post-operative day due to a perforation of the gallbladder. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, leading to clinical improvement, and the patient was discharged from the hospital on the 7th day after resolving the choleperitoneum.

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Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) affects 15-36% of children with acute pancreatitis (AP) and may progress to chronicity. To determine the etiology and evolution of RAP, a descriptive retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients aged 1-18 years. Twelve patients with RAP were included out of 79 with AP, and demographic, etiological, clinical, analytical, and imaging data were collected.

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Chapter 6: Syndromic primary hyperparathyroidism.

Ann Endocrinol (Paris)

January 2025

Endocrinology Department, Huriez Hospital, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France. Electronic address:

Syndromic primary hyperparathyroidism has several features in common: younger age at diagnosis when compared with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism, often synchronous or metachronous multi-glandular involvement, higher possibility of recurrence, association with other endocrine or extra-endocrine disorders, and suggestive family background with autosomal dominant inheritance. Hyperparathyroidism in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is the most common syndromic hyperparathyroidism. It is often asymptomatic in adolescents and young adults, but may be responsible for recurrent lithiasis and/or bone loss.

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