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Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a structurally complex anionic polysaccharide widely used in medical, cosmetic and food applications. Enzymatic catalysis is an important strategy for synthesizing CS with uniform chain lengths and well-defined structures. However, the industrial application of glycosyltransferases is hindered by limitations such as low expression yields, poor stability, and challenges in reuse.

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Tofacitinib (Tof), a commercially available pan-Janus kinases inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. However, its clinical application is limited due to dose-dependent systemic side effects. The present study aims to develop an efficient oral colon-targeted drug delivery systems using prebiotic pectin (Pcn) and chitosan (Csn) polysaccharides as a shell, with Tof loaded into a Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) core, and improving it with chondroitin sulfate (Chs), thus constructing Tof@BSA-Chs-CP nanoparticles (NPs).

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The infiltration and excessive polarization of M1 macrophages contribute to the induction and persistence of low-grade inflammation in joint-related degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). The lipid metabolism dysregulation promotes M1 macrophage polarization by coordinating the compensatory pathways of the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Here, a self-assembling, licofelone-loaded nanoparticle (termed LCF-CSBN), comprising chondroitin sulfate and bilirubin joined by an ethylenediamine linker, is developed to selectively reprogram lipid metabolism in macrophage activation.

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Chondroitin Sulfate and Proteinoids in Neuron Models.

ACS Appl Bio Mater

January 2025

Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.

This study examines the relationship between chondroitin sulfate, proteinoids, and computational neuron models, with a specific emphasis on the Izhikevich neuron model. We investigate the effect of chondroitin sulfate-proteinoid complexes on the behavior and dynamics of simulated neurons. Through the use of computational simulations, we provide evidence that these biomolecular components have the power to regulate the responsiveness of neurons, the patterns of their firing, and the ability of their synapses to change within the Izhikevich architecture.

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Development of a rapid enzymatic quantification method for hyaluronic acid based on the gene-mining of hyaluronate lyase.

Carbohydr Polym

March 2025

College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, 168 Wenhai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a vital polysaccharide naturally present in human tissues, is widely utilized in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to its diverse functionalities and bioactivity. Rapid and accurate quantification of HA is essential for the quality control of its products. Enzymatic quantification methods, known for their simplicity and high specificity, were employed for polysaccharide measurement.

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