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Stress reaction in developing rats exposed to 1% lead acetate.

Sb Ved Pr Lek Fak Karlovy Univerzity Hradci Kralove

March 1992

Department of Hygiene, Social Medicine and Languages, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové.

Effects of a three-month exposure of both male and female rats under their development to lead acetate in drinking water on the hypothalamus-pituitary gland-thyroid gland-suprarenals and sympathico-adrenal systems were evaluated by determining noradrenaline (NA) in the hypothalamus and striatum, thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-tri-iodothyronine (T3) and corticosterone (CS) in the serum and catecholamines (CA) in both blood and suprarenals. NA in the hypothalamus and striatum was decreased in exposed males. CA in blood and suprarenals and CS in the serum were increased and NA decreased in the hypothalamus and striatum in exposed females.

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The state of the sympathico-adrenal system (SAS) before and during three days of suited immersion was investigated in six male subjects on the basis of renal excretion of adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and DOPA according to Vasilyev. Computer-aided analysis of the experimental data by the method of principal components showed that the SAS was functionally stressed in all subjects. Suited immersion that simulated hemodynamic, metabolic and vestibulo-motor effects of microgravity helped to distinguish between men with sustained and lowered capabilities of the SAS which are largely determined by the A-, NA-, and mixed type of its function.

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The present paper deals with the activity of the sympatho-adrenal system (SAS) in the third international crew of the scientific orbital station "Salyut-6" on the basis of catecholamines (CA) as well as of some of their primary stages and metabolites. Plasma adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA), and dopamine (DA) were determined on the 30th day before the flight and on the first day after landing. The parameters of A, NA, DA, DOPA, metanephrine (MN), and normetanephrine (NMN) as well as their conjugates were analysed in urine on day 30 and from days 5 to 1 before launching the spaceship and from days 0 to 5 after landing.

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Experiments were carried out on linear mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes; it was found that the primary immune respose developed against the background of significant changes in the state of the sympathico-adrenal system, whose activity was determined by the dynamics of catecholamines in the blood and in the tissues of a number of organs, including the thymus, the spleen and the lymph nodes. By comparing the value of specific and neurohumoral indices it was revealed that the neurohumoral shifts preceded the maximal development of the immune response. On the example of studying the catecholamine dynamics the opinion on a close association between the state of the regulatory mechanisms and the effector formations responsible for the formation of specific immunological reactions was confirmed.

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