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Optogenetics has transformed the study of neural circuit function, but limitations in its application to species with large brains, such as non-human primates (NHPs), remain. A major challenge in NHP optogenetics is delivering light to sufficiently large volumes of deep neural tissue with high spatiotemporal precision, without simultaneously affecting superficial tissue. To overcome these limitations, we recently developed and tested in NHP cortex, the Utah Optrode Array (UOA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExoscopic-Endoscopic Resection of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Metastasis From Renal Cell Carcinoma With Ventral Exophytic Extension.
Cureus
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, PIIF Tazuke-Kofukai, Osaka, JPN.
Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM) is a rare manifestation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A 73-year-old man presented with left shoulder pain and left upper extremity weakness for two months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed intramedullary and intradural extramedullary lesions at the C5 level, compressing the spinal cord from the center of the cord and the left ventral side.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeningioma in the fourth ventricle in 2 cats.
J Vet Diagn Invest
January 2025
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Feline meningiomas typically arise on the surface of the brain but can occur in the third ventricle. Meningiomas in the fourth ventricle have not been reported in cats, to our knowledge. Here, we describe the clinical and pathologic findings of meningioma in the fourth ventricle in 2 cats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStructured Dynamics in the Algorithmic Agent.
Entropy (Basel)
January 2025
Computational Neuroscience Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.
In the Kolmogorov Theory of Consciousness, algorithmic agents utilize inferred compressive models to track coarse-grained data produced by simplified world models, capturing regularities that structure subjective experience and guide action planning. Here, we study the dynamical aspects of this framework by examining how the requirement of tracking natural data drives the structural and dynamical properties of the agent. We first formalize the notion of a using the language of symmetry from group theory, specifically employing Lie pseudogroups to describe the continuous transformations that characterize invariance in natural data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCross-species comparisons between pigs and mice reveal conserved sex-specific intraspinal inflammatory responses after spinal cord injury.
J Neuroinflammation
January 2025
Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky, USA.
Objective: Therapeutic translation is challenging in spinal cord injury (SCI) and large animal models with high clinical relevance may accelerate therapeutic development. Pigs have important anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. Intraspinal inflammation mediates SCI pathophysiology.
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