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Reinventing type 2 immunity in cancer.
Nature
January 2025
Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
Our understanding of type 2 immunity has undergone a substantial transformation in recent years, revealing previously unknown functions. Beyond its canonical role in defence against parasitic helminth infections, type 2 immunity safeguards the host through additional mechanisms, including the suppression of excessive type 1 immune responses, regulation of tissue repair and maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis. However, unlike type 1 immune responses, type 2 immunity is perceived as a potential promoter of tumorigenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReconsidering the Diagnosis: Abnormal Sweat Chloride Tests in Non-CF Bronchiectasis.
Pediatr Pulmonol
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Introduction: While the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) is often straightforward and reliant on correlation between genetic testing and clinical signs and symptoms, there is a subset where the distinction is not nearly as clearcut. This has previously been reported in patients identified through newborn screening but not meeting full CF diagnostic criteria, earning the label of CF Screen Positive, Inconclusive Diagnosis (CFSPID) instead. A homologous diagnostic category in adults is named CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator-Related Disorder (CFTR-RD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlobal and Regional Patterns in Edentulism (1990-2021) With Predictions to 2040.
Int Dent J
December 2024
Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China. Electronic address:
Aims: Edentulism's impact on overall well-being is widely recognized, but there is limited information on regional and sex disparities in its global burden. This study aims to fill this gap by providing an updated picture of edentulism's burden by region and sex and predicting its global trend for the next 2 decades.
Methods: This study analyzed and reported Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data on the prevalence, incidence, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of edentulism, with a breakdown by sex and sociodemographic index (SDI).
Conscientious objection: a global health perspective.
BMJ Glob Health
December 2024
Global Bioethics Collaborative, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Conscientious objection is a critical topic that has been sparsely discussed from a global health perspective, despite its special relevance to our inherently diverse field. In this Analysis paper, we argue that blanket prohibitions of a specific type of non-discriminatory conscientious objection are unjustified in the global health context. We begin both by introducing a nuanced account of conscience that is grounded in moral psychology and by providing an overview of discriminatory and non-discriminatory forms of objection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Rhipicephalus sanguineus group: updated list of species, geographical distribution, and vector competence.
Parasit Vectors
December 2024
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
The Rhipicephalus sanguineus group is an assembly of species morphologically and phylogenetically related to Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto. The taxonomy and systematics of this species group have remained obscure for a long time, but extensive research conducted during the past two decades has closed many knowledge gaps. These research advancements culminated in the redescription of R.
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