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Cholesterol affects the binding of proteins to phosphatidic acid without influencing its ionization properties.
J Lipid Res
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242, USA. Electronic address:
Phosphatidic acid (PA) through its unique negatively charged phosphate headgroup binds to various proteins to modulate multiple cellular events. To perform such diverse signaling functions, the ionization and charge of PA's headgroup relies on the properties of vicinal membrane lipids and changes in cellular conditions. Cholesterol has conspicuous effects on lipid properties and membrane dynamics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn situ biosensing for cell viability and drug evaluation in 3D extracellular matrix cultures: Applications in cytoprotection of oxidative stress injury.
Talanta
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China. Electronic address:
The rise of extracellular matrix (ECM)-supported three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems which bridge the gap between in vitro culture and in vivo living tissue for pharmacological models has increased the need for simple and robust cell viability assays. This study presents the development of an effective biosensing assay for in situ monitoring of the catecholamine neurotransmitter exocytosis levels for cell viability assessment within complicated cell-encapsulated hydrogel milieu. Firstly, the biosensing assay demonstrated the distinction among four pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell lines with varying degrees of differentiation and the discrepancy in cellular neurosecretory capacity between two-dimensional (2D) monolayer and 3D agarose hydrogel culture conditions, accompanied by morphological distinctions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDietary amino acids promote glucagon-like hormone release to generate global calcium waves in adipose tissues in Drosophila.
Nat Commun
January 2025
The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how intercellular calcium waves in Drosophila adipose tissues contribute to regulating multicellular responses, focusing on their dynamic behavior.
- Adipokinetic Hormone (AKH), similar to glucagon in humans, is identified as the main driver of calcium activities in the larval fat tissue, promoting lipolysis through a novel mechanism that doesn’t involve gap junctions.
- The research also finds that dietary amino acids can stimulate the release of AKH, which then enhances intracellular calcium levels and boosts lipid metabolism in adipose tissue.
Mild Gestational Hypothyroidism in Mice Has Transient Developmental Effects and Long-Term Consequences on Neuroendocrine Systems.
Thyroid
January 2025
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Thyroid hormones (TH) play a key role in fetal brain development. While severe thyroid dysfunction, has been shown to cause neurodevelopmental and reproductive disorders, the rising levels of TH-disruptors in the environment in the past few decades have increased the need to assess effects of subclinical (mild) TH insufficiency during gestation. Since embryos do not produce their own TH before mid-gestation, early development processes rely on maternal production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegulation of the blood-brain barrier function by peripheral cues in health and disease.
Metab Brain Dis
December 2024
Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by microvascular endothelial cells which are ensembled with pericytes, astrocytes, microglia and neurons in the neurovascular unit (NVU) that is crucial for neuronal function. Given that the NVU and the BBB are highly dynamic and regulated structures, their integrity is continuously challenged by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Herein, factors from peripheral organs such as gonadal and adrenal hormones may influence vascular function also in CNS endothelial cells in a sex- and age-dependent manner.
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