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Current Concepts in the Prevention of Perioperative Myocardial Injury.
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Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA.
Perioperative myocardial injury is frequently caused by tachycardia from excessive sympathetic nervous system activity resulting from the surgical stimulation (type 2) rather than by rupture of atherosclerotic plaques with superimposed thrombosis (type 1). The elevated sympathetic nervous system activity results in tachycardia that induces demand ischemia within the myocardium and damages the heart muscle. A rise in troponin has been shown to be a reliable predictor of adverse cardiovascular events when measured in a population at risk.
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School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
Macrophages are an integral part of the innate immune system and coordinate host defense to microbial infections, as well as shaping the remodeling response after tissue injury. Metabolism is now appreciated to be a powerful and pervasive regulator of the identity and function of macrophages. Upon exposure to microbial ligands, macrophage inflammatory activation and the associated induction of phagocytosis, inflammatory responses, and other host defense activities are supported by dynamic changes to cellular metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe sociolinguistic foundations of language modeling.
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Department of Linguistics and Communication, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
In this article, we introduce a sociolinguistic perspective on language modeling. We claim that language models in general are inherently modeling , and we consider how this insight can inform the development and deployment of language models. We begin by presenting a technical definition of the concept of a variety of language as developed in sociolinguistics.
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Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
Flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer unique opportunities due to their dynamic structural adaptability. This review explores the impact of flexibility on gas adsorption, highlighting key concepts for gas storage and separation. Specific examples demonstrate the principal effectiveness of flexible frameworks in enhancing gas uptake and working capacity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFXolography for Biomedical Applications: Dual-Color Light-Sheet Printing of Hydrogels With Local Control Over Shape and Stiffness.
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Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, the Netherlands.
Current challenges in tissue engineering include creation of extracellular environments that support and interact with cells using biochemical, mechanical, and structural cues. Spatial control over these cues is currently limited due to a lack of suitable fabrication techniques. This study introduces Xolography, an emerging dual-color light-sheet volumetric printing technology, to achieve control over structural and mechanical features for hydrogel-based photoresins at micro- to macroscale while printing within minutes.
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