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Mechanisms underlying the gut-brain communication: How enterochromaffin (EC) cells activate vagal afferent nerve endings in the small intestine.
J Comp Neurol
April 2024
Visceral Neurophysiology Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute & College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
How the gastrointestinal tract communicates with the brain, via sensory nerves, is of significant interest for our understanding of human health and disease. Enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the gut mucosa release a variety of neurochemicals, including the largest quantity of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the body. How 5-HT and other substances released from EC cells activate sensory nerve endings in the gut wall remains a major unresolved mystery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathogen recognition by sensory neurons: hypotheses on the specificity of sensory neuron signaling.
Front Immunol
May 2023
Respiratory & Exercise Physiology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.
Sensory neurons cooperate with barrier tissues and resident immune cells to form a significant aspect of defensive strategies in concert with the immune system. This assembly of neuroimmune cellular units is exemplified across evolution from early metazoans to mammalian life. As such, sensory neurons possess the capability to detect pathogenic infiltrates at barrier surfaces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrgan- and function-specific anatomical organization of vagal fibers supports fascicular vagus nerve stimulation.
Brain Stimul
May 2023
Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA. Electronic address:
Vagal fibers travel inside fascicles and form branches to innervate organs and regulate organ functions. Existing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapies activate vagal fibers non-selectively, often resulting in reduced efficacy and side effects from non-targeted organs. The transverse and longitudinal arrangement of fibers inside the vagal trunk with respect to the functions they mediate and organs they innervate is unknown, however it is crucial for selective VNS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalysis of the distribution of vagal afferent projections from different peripheral organs to the nucleus of the solitary tract in rats.
J Comp Neurol
December 2022
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Anatomical tracing studies examining the vagal system can conflate details of sensory afferent and motor efferent neurons. Here, we used a serotype of adeno-associated virus that transports retrogradely and exhibits selective tropism for vagal afferents, to map their soma location and central termination sites within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). We examined the vagal sensory afferents innervating the trachea, duodenum, stomach, or heart, and in some animals, from two organs concurrently.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular-Scale Dynamics of Long Range Retrograde Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Transport Shaped by Cellular Spatial Context.
Front Neurosci
March 2022
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
Retrograde neurotrophin (NT) transport is a specialized form of signal transduction used to conduct information from axons to the cell bodies of central and peripheral nervous system neurons. It is activated upon NT-Trk receptor binding, NT-Trk internalization into signaling endosomes, and their motion along the axon toward the cell body. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an abundant NT that modulates key brain and spinal cord functions, and defects in BDNF trafficking are associated with neuronal death, neurodegenerative diseases and in nerve injury.
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