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Pattern of antibiotic dispensing at pharmacies according to access, watch, reserve (AWaRe) classification: multicenter study after COVID-19 waves in different districts of Pakistan.
BMC Res Notes
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 37000, Pakistan.
Objective: The dispensing of non-prescription antibiotics is a worldwide concern, and antibiotics should only be dispensed with a legitimate prescription.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the simulated client methodology, with data collected, recorded, and analyzed using SPSS.
Results: The simulated client visited 210 pharmacies, of which 70 dispensed antibiotics without a prescription.
Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of the Invaplex Vaccine Co-Administered with the dmLT Adjuvant in Dutch and Zambian Adults: Study Protocol for a Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation Phase Ia/b Clinical Trial.
Vaccines (Basel)
January 2025
Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Background: Shigella infections remain endemic in places with poor sanitation and are a leading cause of diarrheal mortality globally, as well as a major contributor to gut enteropathy and stunting. There are currently no licensed vaccines for shigellosis but it has been estimated that an effective vaccine could avert 590,000 deaths over a 20-year period. A challenge to effective Shigella vaccine development has been the low immunogenicity and protective efficacy of candidate Shigella vaccines in infants and young children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetic profiling of extended-spectrum β-Lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from clinical samples among diarrheal patients in Shashemene, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, associated with diarrhea, poses a global health risk. In Ethiopia, where diarrhea is common, there is limited knowledge about these resistant strains and a lack of data on Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSignificant abundance of bacterial flagellin and expression of its surface localized receptor toll-like receptor 5 and cytokine interleukin-22 in South African infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take.
Gut Pathog
January 2025
Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit (DPRU), Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa.
Bacterial flagellin, a potent intestinal innate immune activator, prevents murine rotavirus (RV) infection independent of adaptive immunity and interferons. The flagellin-induced immunity is mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR5) and Nod-like receptor C4 (NLRC4), which elicit the production of interleukins 22 (IL-22) and IL-18, respectively. Here, we assessed whether a high abundance of flagellin at the time of vaccination would negatively affect the oral RV vaccine take.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Vivo Nitrosative Stress-Induced Expression of a Photolyase Promotes Vibrio cholerae Environmental Blue Light Resistance.
Mol Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Bacterial pathogens possess a remarkable capacity to sense and adapt to ever-changing environments. For example, Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera, thrives in aquatic ecosystems and human hosts through dynamic survival strategies. In this study, we investigated the role of three photolyases, enzymes that repair DNA damage caused by exposure to UV radiation and blue light, in the environmental survival of V.
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