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Comparison of the intrageneric neutralization scope of monospecific, bispecific/monogeneric and polyspecific/monogeneric antisera raised in horses immunized with sub-Saharan African snake venoms.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
May 2024
Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers compared different types of antiserum produced by immunizing horses with various snake venoms and found that polyspecific antiserum was the most effective at neutralizing venom from multiple species.
- * The findings support the use of polyspecific immunogens to create antivenoms that can provide broader protection against bites from snakes like Bitis, Echis, and non-spitting Naja in the region.
Introduction: Subgroups of autoantibodies directed against voltage-gated potassium channel (K) complex components have been associated with immunotherapy-responsive clinical syndromes. The high prevalence and the role of autoantibodies directly binding K remain, however, controversial. Our objective was to determine K autoantibody binding requirements and to clarify their contribution to the observed immune response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntrageneric cross-reactivity of monospecific rabbit antisera against venoms of mamba (Elapidae: spp.) snakes.
Toxicon X
March 2024
Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Snakebite envenomation is a neglected tropical disease posing a high toll of mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Polyspecific antivenoms of broad effectiveness and specially designed for this region require a detailed understanding of the immunological features of the mamba snake ( spp.) venoms for the selection of the most appropriate antigen combination to produce antivenoms of wide neutralizing scope.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntrageneric cross-reactivity of monospecific rabbit antisera against venoms of the medically most important Naja spp. African snakes.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
August 2023
Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Background: Envenomations by African snakes represent a high burden in the sub-Sahara region. The design and fabrication of polyspecific antivenoms with a broader effectiveness, specially tailored for its use in sub-Saharan Africa, require a better understanding of the immunological features of different Naja spp. venoms of highest medical impact in Africa; and to select the most appropriate antigen combinations to generate antivenoms of wider neutralizing scope.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe future of CAR T-cell therapy for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pediatrics and adolescents.
Expert Opin Biol Ther
July 2023
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Introduction: Antigen downregulation and early chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell loss have emerged as two major challenges threatening outcomes following CD19-specific CAR T-cell therapy for children and young adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). In addressing the future of CAR T-cell therapy for B-ALL, innovative strategies to avert antigen downregulation and enhance CAR persistence warrant prioritized focus.
Areas Covered: We describe promising engineering strategies to refine CAR constructs to reverse exhaustion, develop regulatable CARs, optimize manufacturing, enrich for immune memory, and disrupt immune inhibition.
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