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Chronic Hyperhomocysteinemia Impairs CSD Propagation and Induces Cortical Damage in a Rat Model of Migraine with Aura.
Biomolecules
October 2024
Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia.
Article Synopsis
- Hyperhomocysteinemia (hHCY) is linked to increased plasma homocysteine levels and correlates with a higher risk of migraines, especially those with aura.
- The study investigated how hHCY affects cortical spreading depression (CSD) and neuronal activity in the somatosensory cortex of rats, highlighting an increased excitability and more frequent CSDs in those with hHCY.
- Results showed impaired CSD propagation and delayed recovery of brain activity in hHCY animals, indicating that prolonged high homocysteine levels may increase the risk of migraine-associated brain injuries.
Use of glucagon-like polypeptide 2 analogs for intestinal failure.
Expert Opin Pharmacother
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Introduction: Over a half century ago, a component of glucagon was found to have potent gastrointestinal effects. Shortly after proglucagon was sequenced, its component peptides were characterized, and glucagon-like polypeptide-2 (GLP-2) was noted to have the most potent intestinotrophic properties improving fluid and electrolyte balance in experimental animals and humans.
Areas Covered: Glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) slows small intestinal motility more effectively, but its intestinotrophic properties are weaker.
A Review of Celiac Disease and Its Implications on Fertility and Pregnancy.
Semin Reprod Med
September 2024
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Celiac disease is a systemic autoimmune disorder triggered by dietary gluten ingestion. The classic clinical presentation is characterized by diarrhea with malabsorption and weight loss; however, the spectrum of possible initial symptoms is broad. Affected individuals may be asymptomatic or may suffer from extraintestinal manifestations that can include metabolic bone disorders, thyroid dysfunction, neurologic manifestations, amenorrhea, or impaired fertility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndothelial Dysfunction Does Not Occur after Acute, Elevated Homocysteine Exposure of the Lumen of the Iliac Artery of the Anaesthetised Pig.
J Vasc Res
December 2024
Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Article Synopsis
- Elevated homocysteine levels have been linked to cardiovascular disease, but its direct impact on blood vessel function is unclear.
- In a study on anaesthetised pigs, hyperhomocysteinaemic blood was injected into a blocked section of the iliac artery for 20 minutes to observe any effects on artery function.
- The results showed no significant changes in arterial diameter or pressure, indicating that a short-term increase in homocysteine does not lead to endothelial dysfunction in healthy arteries.
Advances in understanding and managing celiac disease: Pathophysiology and treatment strategies.
World J Gastroenterol
September 2024
Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China.
Article Synopsis
- The editorial discusses celiac disease (CeD), an autoimmune condition primarily affecting individuals with a genetic predisposition, characterized by gluten intolerance and symptoms like abdominal pain and diarrhea.* -
- Patients with CeD must adhere to a lifelong gluten-free diet, which can significantly impact their quality of life and financial well-being.* -
- The piece highlights the challenges in finding effective treatments due to the complex nature of CeD's pathogenesis and reviews both the disease's mechanisms and the current state of experimental and improved drug options.*
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