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Uncovering novel KCC2 regulatory motifs through a comprehensive transposon-based mutant library.
Front Mol Neurosci
January 2025
Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Introduction: The neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 maintains low intracellular chloride levels, which are crucial for fast GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmission. KCC2 also plays a pivotal role in the development of excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission by promoting dendritic spine maturation. The cytoplasmic C-terminal domain (KCC2-CTD) plays a critical regulatory role in the molecular mechanisms controlling the cotransporter activity through dimerization, phosphorylation, and protein interaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExosomal miR-122 derived from M2 macrophages induces osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of alcoholic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
J Orthop Surg Res
January 2025
Department of Joint Osteopathy, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi Province, 545000, China.
Alcoholic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (AIONFH) is caused by long-term heavy drinking, which leads to abnormal alcohol and lipid metabolism, resulting in femoral head tissue damage, and then pathological necrosis of femoral head tissue. If not treated in time in clinical practice, it will seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even require hip replacement to treat alcoholic femoral head necrosis. This study will confirm whether M2 macrophage exosome (M2-Exo) miR-122 mediates alcohol-induced BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, ultimately leading to the inhibition of femoral head necrosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent advancements in the understanding of the alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.
Mol Biol Rep
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli Transit Campus, Bijnour-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. The processes underlying the pathophysiology of AD are still not fully understood despite a great deal of research. Since mitochondrial dysfunction affects cellular energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and neuronal survival, it is becoming increasingly clear that it plays a major role in the development of AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElite Alleles of EPE1 Identified via Genome-wide Association Studies Increase Panicle Elongation Length in Rice.
Rice (N Y)
January 2025
College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230000, China.
Panicle elongation length (PEL), which determines panicle exsertion, is an important outcrossing-related trait. Mining genes controlling PEL in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has great practical significance in breeding cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines with increased PEL and simplified, high-efficiency seed production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelection of initiator tRNA and start codon by mammalian mitochondrial initiation factor 3 in leaderless mRNA translation.
Nucleic Acids Res
January 2025
Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- The mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis system is responsible for synthesizing 13 crucial subunits for energy production, but the exact role of IF-3mt in translation initiation is still unclear.
- Researchers created a mitochondrial translation system to explore IF-3mt's proofreading abilities, revealing it helps distinguish between different start codons for more accurate protein synthesis.
- The findings indicate that IF-3mt not only supports initiation from standard AUG start codons but can also facilitate initiation from non-AUG codons like AUA, highlighting its adaptability in working with leaderless mRNAs.
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