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Medical large language models are vulnerable to data-poisoning attacks.
Nat Med
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare demands a careful analysis of their potential to spread false medical knowledge. Because LLMs ingest massive volumes of data from the open Internet during training, they are potentially exposed to unverified medical knowledge that may include deliberately planted misinformation. Here, we perform a threat assessment that simulates a data-poisoning attack against The Pile, a popular dataset used for LLM development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGOLD grade-specific characterization of COPD in the COSYCONET multi-center trial: comparison of semiquantitative MRI and quantitative CT.
Eur Radiol
January 2025
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Objectives: We hypothesized that semiquantitative visual scoring of lung MRI is suitable for GOLD-grade specific characterization of parenchymal and airway disease in COPD and that MRI scores correlate with quantitative CT (QCT) and pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters.
Methods: Five hundred ninety-eight subjects from the COSYCONET study (median age = 67 (60-72)) at risk for COPD or with GOLD1-4 underwent PFT, same-day paired inspiratory/expiratory CT, and structural and contrast-enhanced MRI. QCT assessed total lung volume (TLV), emphysema, and air trapping by parametric response mapping (PRM, PRM) and airway disease by wall percentage (WP).
Antibacterial mechanism of vitamin K-mediated photodynamic inactivation against Pseudomonas fluorescens and its influences on blunt bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) quality.
Food Res Int
January 2025
College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China. Electronic address:
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has emerged as a novel non-thermal process technology for inactivating microorganisms due to its low cost, safety, and efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of VK-mediated PDI against Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) and to assess its impact on the quality of the blunt bream contaminated with P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotodynamic inactivation mediated by natural alizarin on bacteria for the safety of fresh-cut apples.
Food Res Int
January 2025
College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China. Electronic address:
Most photosensitizers have limited responsiveness to visible light, however, visible light is a light source with a wide range of wavelengths and the most common in daily life, and making full use of visible light can help to enhance the photodynamic antimicrobial properties of photosensitizers. To tackle this issue, this study confirmed that alizarin has a good absorption capacity for visible light by UV-DRS analysis. Theoretical calculations showed that alizarin might be excited through the charge transfer (CT) mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFControl of rotavirus by sequential stress of disinfectants and gamma irradiation in leafy vegetable industry.
Food Res Int
January 2025
Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Rotavirus (RV) causes severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Fresh produce has been reported as a source of RV infection during production and harvesting, leading to foodborne illness. Cases of contamination from contact surfaces have also been reported.
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