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Improving brain health via the central executive network.
J Physiol
January 2025
Functional Flow Solutions LLC, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Cognitive and physical stress have significant effects on brain health, particularly through their influence on the central executive network (CEN). The CEN, which includes regions such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and inferior parietal lobe, is central to managing the demands of cognitively challenging motor tasks. Acute stress can temporarily reduce connectivity within the CEN, leading to impaired cognitive function and emotional states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTHE RATIO OF EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY SYNAPTIC PROCESSES IN NEURONS OF THE ЕNTORHINAL CORTEX OF THE BRAIN, ACTIVATED BY BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA ON THE MODEL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE, UNDER CONDITIONS OF PROTECTION BY HYDROCORTISONE.
Georgian Med News
November 2024
2Institute of Botany after A. Takhtajyan NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia.
Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition. It affects the central nervous system, and it impairs cognitive processes, motor skills and other functions. The aim of this study was to determine the synaptic processes in medial Entorhinal cortex (mENT) under High frequency stimulation of Basolateral Amygdala on the model of Parkinson's disease under the influence of Hydrocortisone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDysregulation of Metabolic Peptides Precedes Hyperinsulinemia and Inflammation Following Exposure to Rotenone in Rats.
Cells
January 2025
Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
Rotenone, a naturally occurring compound derived from the roots of tropical plants, is used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, piscicide, and pesticide. It is a classical, high-affinity mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that causes not only oxidative stress, α-synuclein phosphorylation, DJ-1 (Parkinson's disease protein 7) modifications, and inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system but it is also widely considered an environmental contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD). While prodromal symptoms, such as loss of smell, constipation, sleep disorder, anxiety/depression, and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of rotenone-treated animals, have been reported, alterations of metabolic hormones and hyperinsulinemia remain largely unknown and need to be investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSuppression of dopamine receptor 2 inhibits the formation of human prostate cancer PC‑3‑derived cancer stem cell‑like cells through AMPK inhibition.
Oncol Lett
March 2025
College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to the resistance of intractable prostate cancer, and dopamine receptor (DR)D2 antagonists exhibit anticancer activity against prostate cancer and CSCs. Human prostate cancer PC-3 cells were used to generate CSC-like cells, serving as a surrogate system to identify the specific DR subtype the inhibition of which significantly affects prostate-derived CSCs. Additionally, the present study aimed to determine the downstream signaling molecules of this DR subtype that exert more profound effects compared with other DR subtypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDopaminergic modulation of propofol-induced activation in VLPO neurons: the role of D1 receptors in sleep-promoting neural circuits.
Front Neurosci
January 2025
The Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, The Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
Background: The ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) is a crucial regulator of sleep, and its neurons are implicated in both sleep-wake regulation and anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness. Propofol (PRO), a widely used intravenous anesthetic, modulates the activity of VLPO neurons, but the underlying mechanisms, particularly the role of dopaminergic receptors, remain unclear.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of PRO on NA (-) neurons in the VLPO and to determine the involvement of D1 and D2 dopaminergic receptors in mediating these effects.
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