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Background: Prostaglandin E (PGE) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) has been recognized as a pivotal pressor substance in hypertension, yet understanding of its effects and origins in the RVLM remains largely elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the pivotal enzymes and molecular mechanisms underlying PGE synthesis induced by central Ang II (angiotensin II) and its implications in the heightened oxidative stress and sympathetic outflow in hypertension.
Methods And Results: RVLM microinjections of PGE and Tempol were administered in Wistar-Kyoto rats.
Estrogen Receptor Beta Agonist Influences Presynaptic NMDA Receptor Distribution in the Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus Following Hypertension in a Mouse Model of Perimenopause.
Biology (Basel)
October 2024
Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - Women can develop hypertension during the transition to menopause, with animal studies showing this condition linked to changes in NMDA receptors in the brain region responsible for regulating blood pressure.
- - Using an accelerated ovarian failure model, researchers discovered that hypertensive peri-menopausal female mice had higher levels of a crucial NMDA receptor subunit (GluN1) in the cytoplasm compared to male mice.
- - Activation of estrogen receptor beta (ERß) in peri-menopausal females not only diminished hypertension but also increased the presence of GluN1 in the cell membranes, unlike in male mice where ERß activation had no effect on blood pressure or GluN1 levels.
[The delapril-indapamide combination in treatment of arterial hypertension: practical implications in light of the new guidelines.].
Recenti Prog Med
October 2024
Dipartimento di Cardiologia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia.
The recent guidelines issued by the European Society of Hypertension reaffirmed that the degree of control of hypertension remains suboptimal worldwide. In order to increase the proportion of well-controlled patients, in addition to nonpharmacological measures, it is necessary to improve the implementation of drug therapy in the clinical practice as much as possible. Initial therapy should almost always be based on the combination, free or fixed, between ACE inhibitor drugs, or direct angiotensin II inhibitors ('sartans') and diuretics (thiazide or thiazide-like) or calcium channel blockers at the maximum recommended and well-tolerated dose.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExamining the relationship between subjective exercise tolerance and psychophysiological reactivity during physical stress.
Psychophysiology
December 2024
Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology, Parana, Brazil.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how impulse control and exercise tolerance influence effort during painful experiences, specifically under stress.
- Thirty-six participants were tested using the cold pressor test, measuring their heart rate variability and emotional states before and after the task.
- Results showed that individuals with higher exercise tolerance could endure discomfort longer and felt more dominant initially, while both groups experienced similar emotional boosts after completing the task, highlighting the nuanced connection between physical tolerance and psychological responses.
Heartfelt choices: The influence of cardiac phase on free-choice actions.
Psychophysiology
December 2024
Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- * Results indicated that participants were less likely to initiate volitional actions during the systole phase compared to diastole, suggesting that systole enhances inhibitory control over voluntary responses.
- * Further tests maintained the difference in voluntary action responses between systole and diastole, regardless of induced anxiety or increased heart rate, indicating that the heart's influence on decision-making operates independently of other physiological or psychological factors.
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