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Background: is the causal agent of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) on wheat and produces deoxynivalenol (DON), known to cause extreme human and animal toxicosis. This species' genome contains genes involved in plant-pathogen interactions and regulated by chromatin modifications. Moreover, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), including trichostatin A (TSA), have been employed to study gene transcription regulation because they can convert the structure of chromatin.

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Suspected intoxication by Kikuyu grass () of dairy cattle in the Azores, Portugal.

N Z Vet J

May 2024

Animal Behaviour and Welfare Laboratory, Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.

Case History: An outbreak of suspected Kikuyu grass () intoxication among dairy cattle occurred on the island of Terceira in the Azores (Portugal), in October 2022. The animals affected were non-lactating dairy cows and heifers from five small farms grazing (free or tethered) a Kikuyu-dominant pasture. Of the 29 animals exposed, 17 were affected, and eight (five heifers and three adult cows) died, resulting in a morbidity rate of 58%, a mortality rate of 28% and a case mortality rate of 47%.

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Background: Zearalenone (ZEA) is a resorcylic acid lactone derivative derived from various Fusarium species that are widely found in food and feeds. The molecular structure of ZEA resembles that of the mammalian hormone 17β-oestradiol, thus zearalenone and its metabolites are known to compete with endogenous hormones for estrogen receptors binding sites and to activate transcription of oestrogen-responsive genes. However, the effect of long-term low-dose ZEA exposure on the reproductive response to Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G culture for first-parity gilts has not yet been investigated.

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Ruminant Mycotoxicosis: An Update.

Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract

November 2020

North Dakota State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 4035 19th Avenue North, Dept. 7691, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.

This review focuses on factors associated with mold production in feedstuffs and major mycotoxins affecting ruminants in North America. Ruminants are often considered less sensitive to mycotoxins owing to rumen microflora metabolism to less toxic compounds. However, ruminants occupy wide agricultural niches that expose animals to diverse toxins under widely different environmental and nutritional conditions.

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The Occurrence of Zearalenone in South Korean Feedstuffs between 2009 and 2016.

Toxins (Basel)

July 2017

Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si 17546, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.

Mycotoxins produced by plant pathogen species have harmful effects on humans and livestock by natural contamination in food and feed. Zearalenone, one of the well-known mycotoxins, causes hyperestrogenism and toxicosis resulting in reproductive dysfunction in animals. This study investigated the occurrence of zearalenone in feedstuffs (compound feeds, feed ingredients) between 2009 and 2016 in South Korea to obtain information on zearalenone contamination in feeds for management.

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