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The dynamics of neurotransmitter stage in the development of autonomic nervous system (ANS) was studied in rats starting from the moment of initial appearance of neurotransmitters acetylcholine and adrenalin in ANS peripheral part main nervous plexuses. Cryostat sections of embryos on developmental days 13.5, 16.

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In the present immunohistochemical study the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was studied in various autonomic ganglia and in related peripheral tissues of the rat. For comparison some other neuronal markers including acetylcholinesterase and tyrosine hydroxylase as well as several neuropeptides were analysed on adjacent or the same sections. The distribution of NOS-like immunoreactivity (LI) and of these other markers has been semiquantitatively summarized.

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The present study was designed to support the hypothesis that lumbar sympathectomy could be performed by minimal invasive surgery. In a porcine experiment, under laparoscopic vision control, a pneumoretroperitoneum was established through a direct retroperitoneal access for dissecting the retroperitoneal tissue layers and resecting the lumbar sympathetic trunc. The connective tissue septae were separated without any problems by blunt dissection under vision through the retroperitoneally inserted laparoscope.

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Using 8 mu radioactive microspheres total and regional gastric blood flow were measured in dogs under electrical splanchnic stimulation (SS), following splanchnicectomy (SE), under electrical stimulation of the vagal truncs (VS) and following truncal vagotomy (VE). The values were compared to controls and were taken while cardiac output (CO) and mean aortic pressure ( AOBP ) were registered. Total GBF was 16 +/- 4 ml/100g/min.

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Origin, width, course and twigs of the ascending pharyngeal artery are investigated on 63 head-helves. In about 80% this vessel is a twig from the external carotid artery or from a common trunc from this vessel. In 20% there is a twig from an other artery (In 4,8% the ascending pharyngeal artery is a twig of the internal carotid artery).

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