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The interaction between antithrombin and endothelial heparan sulfate mitigates pulmonary thromboinflammation after trauma and hemorrhagic shock.
Shock
January 2025
The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Department of Surgery and Center for Injury Science, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Birmingham, AL.
Introduction: Trauma and hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) are associated with multiple organ injury. Antithrombin (AT) has anti-inflammatory and organ protective activity through its interaction with endothelial heparan sulfate containing a 3-O-sulfate modification. Our objective was to examine the effects of T/HS on 3-O-sulfated (3-OS) heparan sulfate expression and determine whether AT-heparan sulfate interactions are necessary for its anti-inflammatory properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCirculating Back to Blood: Erythrocyte Precursors Put the Brakes on Acute Lung Injury.
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol
January 2025
University of Washington - Seattle Campus, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States.
Androgens are pleiotropic and play pivotal roles in the formation and variation of sexual phenotypes. We show that differences in circulating androgens between the three male mating morphs in ruff sandpipers are linked to 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (HSD17B2), encoded by a gene within the supergene that determines the morphs. Low-testosterone males had higher expression in blood than high-testosterone males, as well as in brain areas related to social behaviors and testosterone production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModeling Innate Immunity Causing Chronic Inflammation and Tissue Damage.
Bull Math Biol
January 2025
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
Mathematical models of immune responses have traditionally focused on adaptive immunity and pathogen-immune dynamics. However, recent advances in immunology have highlighted the critical role of innate immunity. In response to physical damage or pathogen attacks, innate immune cells circulating throughout the body rapidly migrate from blood vessels and accumulate at the site of injury, triggering inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKey Structural Features of Microvascular Networks Leading to the Formation of Multiple Equilibria.
Bull Math Biol
January 2025
Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Woodstock Rd, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX2 6GG, UK.
We analyse mathematical models of blood flow in two simple vascular networks in order to identify structural features that lead to the formation of multiple equilibria. Our models are based on existing rules for blood rheology and haematocrit splitting. By performing bifurcation analysis on these simple network flow models, we identify a link between the changing flow direction in key vessels and the existence of multiple equilibria.
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