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Costs of Influenza Illness and Acute Respiratory Infections by Household Income Level: Catastrophic Health Expenditures and Implications for Health Equity.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
January 2025
Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Background: Seasonal influenza illness and acute respiratory infections can impose a substantial economic burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We assessed the cost of influenza illness and acute respiratory infections across household income strata.
Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a prior systematic review of costs of influenza and other respiratory illnesses in LMICs and contacted authors to obtain data on cost of illness (COI) for laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness and acute respiratory infection.
Raising awareness and addressing inequities for people with Down syndrome in South Africa.
Int J Equity Health
January 2025
Tekano, Capetown, South Africa.
Globally, individuals with Down syndrome (DS) face profound inequities in social and health care access. These challenges are further compounded by racial disparities as well as a lack of awareness, research, and support, particularly in the Global South. This commentary discusses the multifaceted challenges and disparities encountered by people with DS in South Africa, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomarkers.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA.
Background: The characterization of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD related dementias (ADRD) pathophysiology has been revolutionized by the development of highly sensitive blood-based biomarkers. Although blood-based biomarkers allow for greater access, cost effectiveness, and scalability, there are limitations for their implementation in resource-constrained low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and rural settings, where access to equipment, freezers, and assays is often limited. Dried blood spot (DBS) collection emerges as a promising, convenient, and cost-effective method for acquiring blood samples in these contexts, but it is unclear whether highly sensitive assays typically applied to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, or serum can detect biomarker concentrations accurately.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApplication of genetic testing criteria for hereditary breast cancer in South Africa.
Breast Cancer Res Treat
January 2025
Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest cancer in South African women. A proportion are associated with a pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant in a BC susceptibility gene. Clinical guidelines for genetic testing are used to optimise variant detection while containing costs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHospital and physician-based mental healthcare during 12 months of opioid agonist treatment for opioid use disorder: Exploring costs and factors associated with acute care.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Background: Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) have a high prevalence of co-occurring mental health disorders; however, there exists little information on mental health service use for this population. We aimed to determine the prevalence of non-substance use-related mental health emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and outpatient physician visits for individuals receiving treatment for OUD over one year. We also explored individual-level characteristics associated with mental health care service use and estimated the costs of this care.
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