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[Cardiac β-adrenergic receptor regulation of mitochondrial function in heart failure].
Sheng Li Xue Bao
December 2024
Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University; Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
Heart failure is characterized by abnormal β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) activation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In heart failure, overactivation of β-AR mediates key pathological processes in cardiomyocytes, including oxidative stress, calcium overload and metabolic abnormalities, which subsequently lead to inflammation, myocardial apoptosis and necrosis. Mitochondria are the core organelles for energy metabolism, and also play a vital role in calcium homeostasis, redox balance and signaling transduction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAstrocyte Loss Augments Body Weight Through Reduction in Adipose Sympathetic Outflows.
Glia
January 2025
Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Emerging evidence indicates that astrocytes modulate energy metabolism and homeostasis. However, one important but poorly understood element is the necessity of astrocytes in the control of body weight. Here, we apply viral vector-assisted brain-region selective loss of astrocytes to define physiological roles played by astrocytes in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) and to elucidate the involved mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Effect of somatic afferent nerve-visceral nerve circuit in the regulation of the gastrointestinal function with acupuncture and moxibustion].
Zhongguo Zhen Jiu
January 2025
Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250355, China; Institute of Systematic Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250355, China.
The distribution of the common acupoints of acupuncture-moxibustion for gastrointestinal diseases conforms to the rule of the segmental homology of somatic afferent nerve-visceral nerve circuit at the spinal cord level. Acupuncture-moxibustion regulates the gastrointestinal function through the nerve-endocrine-immune system, and especially depending on the integrity of the structure and function of nervous system. The somatic afferent nerve-visceral nerve circuit plays an important role in the process of acupuncture and moxibustion for regulating the gastrointestinal function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut Neuropathies and Intestinal Motility Disorders.
Neurogastroenterol Motil
January 2025
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Background: The enteric nervous system plays a key role in the coordination of gastrointestinal motility together with sympathetic, parasympathetic, and extrinsic sensory pathways. In some cases, abnormalities in neural activity in these pathways contribute to disorders of gut motility. Where this is associated with damage or death of enteric neurons, usually detected by microscopy, this is considered a gut neuropathy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of the dorsomedial hypothalamus in the cardiogenic sympathetic reflex in the Sprague Dawley rat.
Front Physiol
December 2024
Biomedical Science Department, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.
Myocardial ischemia causes the production and release of metabolites such as bradykinin, which stimulates cardiac spinal sensory afferents, causing chest pain and an increase in sympathetic activity referred to as the cardiogenic sympathetic afferent reflex. While the brain stem nuclei, such as the nucleus tractus solitarius and rostral ventrolateral medulla, are essential in the cardiogenic sympathetic afferent reflex, the role of other supramedullary nuclei in the cardiogenic sympathetic afferent reflex are not clear. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) is involved in cardiovascular sympathetic regulation and plays an important role in the sympathetic response to stressful stimuli.
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