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Motor band sign is specific for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and corresponds to motor symptoms.
Ann Clin Transl Neurol
May 2024
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging can detect neurodegenerative iron accumulation in the motor cortex, called the motor band sign. This study aims to evaluate its sensitivity/specificity and correlations to symptomatology, biomarkers, and clinical outcome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Methods: This prospective study consecutively enrolled 114 persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 79 mimics referred to Karolinska University Hospital, and also 31 healthy controls.
Functional representation of trigeminal nociceptive input in the human periaqueductal gray.
Sci Adv
March 2024
Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is located in the mesencephalon in the upper brainstem and, as part of the descending pain modulation, is considered a crucial structure for pain control. Its modulatory effect on painful sensation is often seen as a systemic function affecting the whole body similarly. However, recent animal data suggest some kind of somatotopy in the PAG.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVolitional inspiration is mediated by two independent output channels in the primary motor cortex.
J Comp Neurol
December 2023
Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
The diaphragm is a multifunctional muscle that mediates both autonomic and volitional inspiration. It is critically involved in vocalization, postural stability, and expulsive core-trunk functions, such as coughing, hiccups, and vomiting. In macaque monkeys, we used retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus injected into the left hemidiaphragm to identify cortical neurons that have multisynaptic connections with phrenic motoneurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunctional and structural synaptic remodeling mechanisms underlying somatotopic organization and reorganization in the thalamus.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev
September 2023
Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan. Electronic address:
The somatosensory system organizes the topographic representation of body maps, termed somatotopy, at all levels of an ascending hierarchy. Postnatal maturation of somatotopy establishes optimal somatosensation, whereas deafferentation in adults reorganizes somatotopy, which underlies pathological somatosensation, such as phantom pain and complex regional pain syndrome. Here, we focus on the mouse whisker somatosensory thalamus to study how sensory experience shapes the fine topography of afferent connectivity during the critical period and what mechanisms remodel it and drive a large-scale somatotopic reorganization after peripheral nerve injury.
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