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Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 in hypoglycemic counterregulation for type 1 diabetes management.
World J Diabetes
December 2024
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, China.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency and the need for exogenous insulin. A significant concern in T1D management is hypoglycemia, which is worsened by impaired counterregulatory mechanisms. Effective counterregulation involves hormones such as glucagon and adrenaline, which work to restore normal blood glucose levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTaurine efflux counters the hydrodynamic impact of anaerobic metabolism to protect cardiorespiratory function under acute thermal stress in brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis).
J Exp Biol
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada, E4L 1E4.
Upper thermal tolerance may be limited by convective oxygen transport in fish, but the mechanisms constraining heart function remain elusive. The activation of anaerobic metabolism imposes an osmotic stress on cardiomyocytes at high temperatures that must be countered to prevent swelling and cardiac dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that cardiac taurine efflux is required to counter the osmotic impact of anaerobic end product accumulation in brook char, Salvelinus fontinalis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Allergy in Children in China.
Clin Exp Allergy
December 2024
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
The prevalence of food allergies in China seems to be increasing, but there are limited studies describing the pattern of food allergies across the country. This review highlights regional variations observed across China, with data indicating a higher prevalence in the more economically developed eastern and southern coastal regions compared to inland areas. Egg and milk are the most common allergies among children under 3 years old; for children above 3 years old, specific food allergens also show regional differences, with shellfish allergies being more common in southern and eastern coastal areas, while wheat and fruit allergies are more prevalent in northern regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdrenal epinephrine facilitates erythropoietin gene activation by hypoxia through β2 adrenergic receptor interaction with Hif-2α.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
January 2025
Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States.
Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) occurring at high altitudes activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and increases circulating erythropoietin (EPO) levels. EPO stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis), enhancing oxygen transport in arterial blood to counteract hypoxemia. The present study tested the hypothesis that SNS contributes to EPO activation by HH through epinephrine (EPI) release from the adrenal medullae.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGDF15 associates with, but is not responsible for, exercise-induced increases in corticosterone and indices of lipid utilization in mice.
J Appl Physiol (1985)
December 2024
School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- - Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) increases during exercise and is linked to higher levels of corticosterone and fat utilization, but its exact role during recovery from exercise remains unclear.
- - This study investigated how postexercise nutrient availability affects GDF15 levels and examined its relationship with corticosterone and various metabolic indicators in mice.
- - Findings showed that while GDF15, corticosterone, and certain fatty acids increased immediately after exercise, the relationships observed were not causal, as similar responses were seen in both normal and GDF15-deficient mice.
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