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The role of the surgeon in the evolution of flexible endoscopy.
Surg Endosc
June 2007
Endosurgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
Several cultures, including the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Arabs, made attempts to view accessible human body cavities using a variety of instruments such as spatulas and specula. The first endoscope was created in 1806 when Phillip Bozzini, a German-born urologist, constructed the lichtleiter, which used concave mirrors to reflect candlelight through an open tube into the esophagus, bladder, or rectum. Maximilian Carl-Friedrich Nitze, another German urologist, produced the first usable cystoscope in 1877 by using series of lenses to increase magnification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYield from flexible bronchoscopy in children.
Pediatr Pulmonol
April 1997
Institute of Pulmonology, Hadassah University Hospital, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Flexible fiberoptic (FO) bronchoscopy can now be undertaken readily in children using topical anesthesia and light sedation and has largely supplanted rigid open tube (OT) bronchoscopy for diagnostic purposes. The present study examined the contribution of the FO bronchoscope to clinical management in children presenting with specific types of problems. We examined the first 200 consecutive flexible bronchoscopies performed in 1995 in children under 18 years of age (median age, 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe diagnostic effectiveness of the flexible bronchoscope in children.
Pediatr Pulmonol
January 1986
Over a 5-year period 1,000 pulmonary endoscopic procedures (172 laryngoscopies, 828 bronchoscopies) were performed in children less than 10 years of age using flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopes, with sedation and topical anesthesia. An endoscopic diagnosis of direct relevance to the primary indication for the procedure was established in 76% of the cases; in an additional 15%, abnormalities relevant to a secondary indication were found. Findings were normal in 9% of the cases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFifty-two pediatric patients suspected of having a pulmonary foreign body but in whom there was insufficient evidence to warrant open tube bronchoscopy. In 19% of these patients, foreign bodies were found. Twenty-six percent of patients who had previously had foreign bodies removed and who subsequently underwent flexible bronchoscopy for a variety of indications were found to have residual foreign bodies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA pediatric flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope was employed in the examination and/or therapy of 164 infants and children ranging in age from 1 day to 16 years. Ninety-two bronchoscopies and 72 laryngoscopies were performed without any mortality or significant morbidity; 78% of laryngoscopies and 35% of bronchoscopies were performed in children under 2 years of age. The instrument was helpful in terms of diagnosis, as a tool for aspirating secretions and resolving atelectasis, and as a guide for surgical intervention.
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