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General Kernel Machine Methods for Multi-Omics Integration and Genome-Wide Association Testing With Related Individuals.
Genet Epidemiol
January 2025
Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Integrating multi-omics data may help researchers understand the genetic underpinnings of complex traits and diseases. However, the best ways to integrate multi-omics data and use them to address pressing scientific questions remain a challenge. One important and topical problem is how to assess the aggregate effect of multiple genomic data types (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvestigation of the suitability of confocal Raman spectroscopy for the demonstration of bioequivalence of topical products.
Int J Pharm
January 2025
University of Tuebingen, Pharmaceutical Technology, Auf Der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tuebingen, Germany. Electronic address:
Bioequivalence studies of topical formulations have attracted increased interest as the European Medicines Agencies "Guideline on quality and equivalence on locally applied, locally acting cutaneous products" describes them in the context of the approval of generics. Since the guideline only proposes tape stripping as a destructive method for bioequivalence testing in in vitro skin penetration, the aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) as a non-destructive alternative. To validate the CRS results, tape stripping and CRS experiments using ketoprofen as a model API were performed consecutively on the same samples of ex vivo porcine skin after frozen storage and compared.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhase I Dose Volume Escalation of Rectally Administered PC-1005 to Assess Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Antiviral Pharmacodynamics as a Multipurpose Prevention Technology (MTN-037).
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
December 2024
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Background: On demand, topical PrEP is desired by those preferring episodic, nonsystemic PrEP. PC-1005 gel (MIV-150, zinc, and carrageenan) exhibits in vitro antiviral HIV-1, human papillomavirus (HPV), and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) activity, attractive for a multipurpose prevention technology candidate. We evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral effect of rectally applied PC-1005.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF5-FU Weakens Defensive Functions of the Junctional Epithelium.
J Periodontal Res
January 2025
Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Aim: To investigate additional factors contributing to the pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis and periodontitis beyond the systemic immune suppression caused by the chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU).
Methods: 5-Fluorouracil was topically delivered to the non-keratinized, rapidly proliferating junctional epithelium (JE) surrounding the dentition, and acts as an immunologic and functional barrier to bacterial ingression. Various techniques, including EdU incorporation, quantitative immunohistochemistry (qIHC), histology, enzymatic activity assays, and micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, were employed to analyze the JE at multiple time points following topical 5-FU treatment.
Tailoring glaucoma education using large language models: Addressing health disparities in patient comprehension.
Medicine (Baltimore)
January 2025
School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA.
This study evaluates the efficacy of GPT-4, a Large Language Model, in simplifying medical literature for enhancing patient comprehension in glaucoma care. GPT-4 was used to transform published abstracts from 3 glaucoma journals (n = 62) and patient education materials (Patient Educational Model [PEMs], n = 9) to a 5th-grade reading level. GPT-4 was also prompted to generate de novo educational outputs at 6 different education levels (5th Grade, 8th Grade, High School, Associate's, Bachelor's and Doctorate).
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